United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea 《鹿特丹规则》有关承运人责任制度简析 2008年12月11日，联合国第63届大会第67次会议通过了联合国贸法会提交的《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea
《鹿特丹规则》有关承运人责任制度简析
2008年12月11日，联合国第63届大会第67次会议通过了联合国贸法会提交的《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》（United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea）。此次会议授权2009年9月23日在荷兰鹿特丹举行新公约开放签署仪式，因此该公约又被简称为《鹿特丹规则》（The Rotterdam Rules）。截至2009年10月31日，已有20个国家签署该公约。根据公约的规定，《鹿特丹规则》将在20个国家批准或者加入一年后生效，目前尚没有一个国家批准或加入，该公约尚未生效。
联合国贸法会制定该公约的目的主要是取代现行的三个国际海上货物运输公约——1924年《海牙规则》、1968年《海牙-维斯比规则》和1978年《汉堡规则》，以实现海上货物运输和包括海运区段的国际货物多式联运法律制度的国际统一。作为国际海上货物运输立法的重大变革，《鹿特丹规则》正吸引着全球海事界的目光。为了解其将对航运企业产生的重大影响。
目 录
Chapter 1 General provisions 第1 章 总则
Article 1 Definitions 第1 条 定义
Article 2 Interpretation of this Convention 第2 条 本公约的解释
Article 3 Form requirements 第3 条 形式要求
Article 4 Applicability of defences and limits of liability 第4 条 抗辩和赔偿责任限制的适用
Chapter 2 Scope of application 第2 章 适用范围
Article 5 General scope of application 第5 条 一般适用范围
Article 6 Specific exclusions第6 条 特定除外情形
Article 7 Application to certain parties 第7 条 对某些当事人的适用
Chapter 3 Electronic transport records 第3 章 电子运输记录
Article 9 Procedures for use of negotiable electronic transport records
第9 条 可转让电子运输记录的使用程序
Article 10 Replacement of negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record
第10 条 可转让运输单证或者可转让电子运输记录的替换
Chapter 4 Obligations of the carrier 第4 章 承运人的义务
Article 11 Carriage and delivery of the goods 第11 条 货物的运输和交付
Article 12 Period of responsibility of the carrier 第12 条 承运人的责任期间
Article 13 Specific obligations 第13 条 具体义务
Article 14 Specific obligations applicable to the voyage by sea
第14 条 特别适用于海上航程的义务
Article 15 Goods that may become a danger 第15 条 可能形成危险的货物
Article 16 Sacrifice of the goods during the voyage by sea
第16 条 海上航程期间牺牲货物
Chapter 5 Liability of the carrier for loss, damage or delay
第5 章 承运人对灭失、损坏或者迟延所负的赔偿责任
Article 17 Basis of liability 第17 条 赔偿责任基础
Article 18 Liability of the carrier for other persons 第18 条 承运人为其他人负赔偿责任
Article 19 Liability of maritime performing parties 第19 条 海运履约方的赔偿责任
Article 20 Joint and several liability 第20 条 连带赔偿责任
Article 21 Delay 第21 条 迟延
Article 22 Calculation of compensation 第22 条 赔偿额的计算
Article 23 Notice in case of loss, damage or delay
第23 条 发生灭失、损坏或者迟延时的通知
Chapter 6 Additional provisions relating to particular stages of carriage
第6 章 有关特定运输阶段的补充条款
Article 24 Deviation 第24 条 绕航
Article 25 Deck cargo on ships 第25 条 船舶上的舱面货
Article 26 Carriage preceding or subsequent to sea carriage
第26 条 海上运输之前或者之后的运输
Chapter 7 Obligations of the shipper to the carrier 第7 章 托运人向承运人履行的义务
Article 27 Delivery for carriage 第27 条 交付运输
Article 28Cooperation of the shipper and the carrier in providing information and instructions
第28 条 托运人与承运人在提供信息和指示方面的合作
Article 29 Shipper’s obligation to provide information, instructions and documents
第29 条 托运人提供信息、指示和文件的义务
Article 30 Basis of shipper’s liability to the carrier 第30 条 托运人对承运人赔偿责任的基础
Article 31 Information for compilation of contract particulars
第31 条 拟定合同事项所需要的信息
Article 32 Special rules on dangerous goods 第32 条 危险货物特别规则
Article 33 Assumption of shipper’s rights and obligations by the documentary shipper
第33 条 单证托运人享有托运人的权利并承担其义务
Article 34 Liability of the shipper for other persons 第34 条 托运人为其他人负赔偿责任
Chapter 8 Transport documents and electronic transport records
第8 章 运输单证和电子运输记录
Article 35 Issuance of the transport document or the electronic transport record
第35 条 运输单证或者电子运输记录的签发
Article 36 Contract particulars第36 条 合同事项
Article 37 Identity of the carrier 第37 条 承运人的识别
Article 38 Signature 第38 条 签名
Article 39 Deficiencies in the contract particulars第39 条 合同事项不完备
Article 40 Qualifying the information relating to the goods in the contract particulars
第40 条 对合同事项中货物相关信息作出保留
Article 41 Evidentiary effect of the contract particulars 第41 条 合同事项的证据效力
Article 42“Freight prepaid” 第42 条 “预付运费”
Chapter 9 Delivery of the goods第9 章 货物交付
Article 43 Obligation to accept delivery 第43 条 接受交货的义务
Article 44Obligation to acknowledge receipt第44 条 确认收到的义务
Article 46Delivery when a non-negotiable transport document that requires surrender is issued
第46 条 签发必须提交的不可转让运输单证时的交付
Article 47 Delivery when a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued
第47 条 签发可转让运输单证或者可转让电子运输记录时的交付
Article 48 Goods remaining undelivered 第48 条 货物仍未交付
Article 49 Retention of goods 第49 条 货物留置
Chapter 10 Rights of the controlling party 第10 章 控制方的权利
Article 50 Exercise and extent of right of control 第50 条 控制权的行使和范围
Article 51 Identity of the controlling party and transfer of the right of control
第51 条 控制方的识别和控制权的转让
Article 52 Carrier’s execution of instructions 第52 条 承运人执行指示
Article 53 Deemed delivery 第53 条 视为交货
Article 54 Variations to the contract of carriage 第54 条 运输合同的变更
Article 55 Providing additional information, instructions or documents to carrier
第55 条 向承运人提供补充信息、指示或者文件
Article 56 Variation by agreement 第56 条 协议变更
Chapter 11 Transfer of rights 第11 章 权利转让
Article 57 When a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued
第57 条 签发可转让运输单证或者可转让电子运输记录时的权利转让
Article 58 Liability of holder 第58 条 持有人的赔偿责任
Chapter 12 Limits of liability 第12 章 赔偿责任限额
Article 59Limits of liability 第59 条 赔偿责任限额
Article 60 Limits of liability for loss caused by delay 第60 条 迟延造成损失的赔偿责任限额
Article 61 Loss of the benefit of limitation of liability 第61 条 赔偿责任限制权的丧失
Chapter 13 Time for suit 第13 章 时效
Article 62 Period of time for suit 第62 条 时效期间
Article 63 Extension of time for suit 第63 条 时效的延长
Article 64 Action for indemnity 第64 条 追偿诉讼
Article 65 Actions against the person identified as the carrier
第65 条 对被识别为承运人的人的诉讼
Chapter 14 Jurisdiction 第14 章 管辖权
Article 66 Actions against the carrier 第66 条 对承运人的诉讼
Article 67 Choice of court agreements 第67 条 法院选择协议
Article 68Actions against the maritime performing party 第68 条 对海运履约方的诉讼 Article 69 No additional bases of jurisdiction 第69 条 不另增管辖权地
Article 70 Arrest and provisional or protective measures
第70 条 扣留以及临时措施或者保全措施
Article 71 Consolidation and removal of actions 第71 条 诉讼合并和移转
Article 72Agreement after a dispute has arisen and jurisdiction when the defendant has entered an appearance
第72 条 争议产生后的协议和被告应诉时的管辖权
Article 73 Recognition and enforcement 第73 条 承认和执行
Article 74 Application of chapter 14 第74 条 第14 章的适用
Article 76Arbitration agreement in non-liner transportation
第76 条 非班轮运输中的仲裁协议
Article 77Agreement to arbitrate after a dispute has arisen
第77 条 争议产生后的仲裁协议
Article 78 Application of chapter 15 第78 条 第15 章的适用
Article 79 General provisions 第79 条 一般规定
Article 80 Special rules for volume contracts 第80 条 批量合同特别规则
Article 81 Special rules for live animals and certain other goods
第81 条 活动物和某些其他货物特别规则
Chapter 17 Matters not governed by this Convention
第17 章 本公约不管辖的事项
Article 82 International conventions governing the carriage of goods by other modes of transport
第82 条 管辖其他运输方式货物运输的国际公约
Article 83 Global limitation of liability 第83 条 赔偿责任总限制
Article 84General average 第84 条 共同海损
Article 85 Passengers and luggage 第85 条 旅客和行李
Article 86 Damage caused by nuclear incident 第86 条 核事故造成的损害
Chapter 18 Final clauses第18 章 最后条款
Article 87 Depositary 第87 条 保存人
Article 88 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
第88 条 签署、批准、接受、核准或者加入
Article 89 Denunciation of other conventions 第89 条 退出其他公约
Article 90 Reservations 第90 条 保留
Article 91 Procedure and effect of declarations 第91 条 声明的程序和效力
Article 92 Effect in domestic territorial units第92 条 对本国领土单位的效力
Article 93 Participation by regional economic integration organizations
第93 条 区域经济一体化组织的参与
Article 94 Entry into force 第94 条 生效
Article 95 Revision and amendment 第95 条 修订和修正
Article 96 Denunciation of this Convention 第96 条 退出本公约
The States Parties to this Convention, Reaffirming their belief that international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, Convinced that the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law, in reducing or removing legal obstacles to the flow of international trade, significantly contributes to universal economic cooperation among all States on a basis of equality, equity and common interest, and to the well-being of all peoples, Recognizing the significant contribution of the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, signed in Brussels on 25 August 1924, and its Protocols, and of the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, signed in Hamburg on 31 March 1978, to the harmonization of the law governing the carriage of goods by sea, Mindful of the technological and commercial developments that have taken place since the adoption of those conventions and of the need to consolidate and modernize them, Noting that shippers and carriers do not have the benefit of a binding universal regime to support the operation of contracts of maritime carriage involving other modes of transport, Believing that the adoption of uniform rules to govern international contracts of carriage wholly or partly by sea will promote legal certainty, improve the efficiency of international carriage of goods and facilitate new access opportunities for previously remote parties and markets, thus playing a fundamental role in promoting trade and economic development, both domestically and internationally, Have agreed as follows:
本公约缔约国，重申相信在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易是促进各国之间友好关系的一个重要因素，深信通过逐步协调统一国际贸易法，减少、消除国际贸易流通法律障碍，将大大促进所有国家在平等、公平和共同利益基础上的普遍经济合作，造福于各国人民，承认1924 年8 月25 日在布鲁塞尔签署的《统一提单若干法律规则国际公约》及其各项议定书以及1978 年3 月31 日在汉堡签署的《联合国海上货物运输公约》对协调海上货物运输法律的显著贡献，考虑到自两项公约通过以来的技术和商业发展以及对两项公约进行整合和更新的必要性，注意到托运人和承运人无法利用一个普遍、有约束力的制度，为涉及其他运输方式的海上运输合同的运作提供支助，认为采用统一规则，对全程或部分海上国际运输合同进行规范，将增进法律确定性，提高国际货物运输效率，便利过去相距遥远的当事人和市场获得新的准入机会，从而对促进国内、国际贸易和经济发展发挥极其重要作用，兹商定如下：
Chapter 1 General provisions 第1 章 总则
Article 1 Definitions 第1 条 定义
For the purposes of this Convention: 在本公约中：
1. “Contract of carriage” means a contract in which a carrier, against the payment of freight, undertakes to carry goods from one place to another. The contract shall provide for carriage by sea and may provide for carriage by other modes of transport in addition to the sea carriage.
“运输合同”是指承运人收取运费，承诺将货物从一地运至另一地的合同。此种合同应当就海上运输作出约定，且可以对海上运输以外的其他运输方式作出约定。
2. “Volume contract” means a contract of carriage that provides for the carriage of a specified quantity of goods in a series of shipments during an agreed period of time. The specification of the quantity may include a minimum, a maximum or a certain range.
“批量合同”是指在约定期间内分批装运约定总量货物的运输合同。货物总量可以是最低数量、最高数量或者一定范围的数量。
3. “Liner transportation” means a transportation service that is offered to the public through publication or similar means and includes transportation by ships operating on a regular schedule between specified ports in accordance with publicly available timetables of sailing dates.
“班轮运输”是指通过公告或者类似方式向公众提供的，按照公布船期表使用船舶在特定港口之间定期运营的运输服务。
4. “Non-liner transportation” means any transportation that is not liner transportation.
“非班轮运输”是指不属于班轮运输的任何运输。
5. “Carrier” means a person that enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.
. “承运人”是指与托运人订立运输合同的人。
6. (a) “Performing party” means a person other than the carrier that performs or undertakes to perform any of the carrier’s obligations under a contract of carriage with respect to the receipt, loading, handling, stowage, carriage, care, unloading or delivery of the goods, to the extent that such person acts, either directly or indirectly, at the carrier’s request or under the carrier’s supervision or control.
“履约方”是指承运人以外的，履行或者承诺履行承运人在运输合同下有关货物接收、装载、操作、积载、运输、照料、卸载或者交付的任何义务的人，以该人直接或者间接在承运人的要求、监督或者控制下行事为限。
(b) “Performing party” does not include any person that is retained, directly or indirectly, by a shipper, by a documentary shipper, by the controlling party or by the consignee instead of by the carrier.
“履约方”不包括不由承运人，而由托运人、单证托运人、控制方或者收货人直接或者间接委托的任何人。
7. “Maritime performing party” means a performing party to the extent that it performs or undertakes to perform any of the carrier’s obligations during the period between the arrival of the goods at the port of loading of a ship and their departure from the port of discharge of a ship. An inland carrier is a maritime performing party only if it performs or undertakes to perform its services exclusively within a port area.
“海运履约方”是指凡在货物到达船舶装货港至货物离开船舶卸货港期间履行或者承诺履行承运人任何义务的履约方。内陆承运人仅在履行或者承诺履行其完全在港区范围内的服务时方为海运履约方。
8. “Shipper” means a person that enters into a contract of carriage with a carrier.
“托运人”是指与承运人订立运输合同的人。
9. “Documentary shipper” means a person, other than the shipper, that accepts to be named as “shipper” in the transport document or electronic transport record.
“单证托运人”是指托运人以外的，同意在运输单证或者电子运输记录中记名为“托运人”的人。
10. “Holder” means: “持有人”是指：
(a) A person that is in possession of a negotiable transport document; and (i) if the document is an order document, is identified in it as the shipper or the consignee, or is the person to which the document is duly endorsed; or (ii) if the document is a blank endorsed order document or bearer document, is the bearer thereof; or
可转让运输单证的占有人；并且(i) 单证为指示单证的，该单证所载明的托运人或者收货人，或者该单证的正式被背书人；或者(ii) 单证为空白背书的指示单证或者不记名单证的，该单证的持单人；或者
(b) The person to which a negotiable electronic transport record has been issued or transferred in accordance with the procedures referred to in article 9, paragraph 1.
根据第9 条第1 款述及的程序，可转让电子运输记录的被签发人或者受让人。
11. “Consignee” means a person entitled to delivery of the goods under a contract of carriage or a transport document or electronic transport record.
“收货人”是指根据运输合同或者根据运输单证或者电子运输记录有提货权的人。
12. “Right of control” of the goods means the right under the contract of carriage to give the carrier instructions in respect of the goods in accordance with chapter 10.
货物“控制权”是指根据第10 章在运输合同下向承运人发出有关货物的指示的权利。
13. “Controlling party” means the person that pursuant to article 51 is entitled to exercise the right of control.
“控制方”是指根据第51 条有权行使控制权的人。
14. “Transport document” means a document issued under a contract of carriage by the carrier that: (a) Evidences the carrier’s or a performing party’s receipt of goods under a contract of carriage; and (b) Evidences or contains a contract of carriage.
“运输单证”是指承运人在运输合同下签发的单证，该单证：
(a) 证明承运人或者履约方收到了运输合同下的货物；并且
(b) 证明或者包含一项运输合同。
15. “Negotiable transport document” means a transport document that indicates, by wording such as “to order” or “negotiable” or other appropriate wording recognized as having the same effect by the law applicable to the document, that the goods have been consigned to the order of the shipper, to the order of the consignee, or to bearer, and is not explicitly stated as being “nonnegotiable” or “not negotiable”.
“可转让运输单证”是指通过“凭指示”或者“可转让”之类的措词，或者通过该单证所适用的法律承认具有同等效力的其他适当措词，表明货物已交运且应按照托运人的指示或者收货人的指示交付，或者应交付给持单人，且未明确声明其为“不可转让”或者“不得转让”的运输单证。
16. “Non-negotiable transport document” means a transport document that is not a negotiable transport document.
“不可转让运输单证”是指不是可转让运输单证的运输单证。
17. “Electronic communication” means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, optical, digital or similar means with the result that the information communicated is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.
“电子通信”是指以电子、光学、数字或者类似方式生成、发送、接收或者存储信息，因而可以获取通信内容，供此后援引使用。
18. “Electronic transport record” means information in one or more messages issued by electronic communication under a contract of carriage by a carrier, including information logically associated with the electronic transport record by attachments or otherwise linked to the electronic transport record contemporaneously with or subsequent to its issue by the carrier, so as to become part of the electronic transport record, that:
“电子运输记录”是指承运人在运输合同下以电子通信方式发出的一条或者数条电文中的信息，包括作为附件与电子运输记录有着逻辑联系，或者在承运人签发电子运输记录的同时或者之后以其他方式与之链接，从而成为电子运输记录一部分的信息，该信息：
(a) Evidences the carrier’s or a performing party’s receipt of goods under a contract of carriage; and (b) Evidences or contains a contract of carriage.
(a) 证明承运人或者履约方收到了运输合同下的货物；并且 (b) 证明或者包含一项运输合同。
19. “Negotiable electronic transport record” means an electronic transport record:
. “可转让电子运输记录”是指一种电子运输记录：
(a) That indicates, by wording such as “to order”, or “negotiable”, or other appropriate wording recognized as having the same effect by the law applicable to the record, that the goods have been consigned to the order of the shipper or to the order of the consignee, and is not explicitly stated as being “non-negotiable” or “not negotiable”; and (b) The use of which meets the requirements of article 9, paragraph 1.
(a) 其中通过“凭指示”或者“可转让”之类的措词，或者通过该记录所适用的法律承认具有同等效力的其他适当措词，表明货物已交运且应按照托运人的指示或者收货人的指示交付，且未明确声明其为“不可转让”或者“不得转让”，并且 (b) 其使用符合第9 条第1 款的要求。
20. “Non-negotiable electronic transport record” means an electronic transport record that is not a negotiable electronic transport record.
“不可转让电子运输记录”是指不是可转让电子运输记录的电子运输记录。
21. The “issuance” of a negotiable electronic transport record means the issuance of the record in accordance with procedures that ensure that the record is subject to exclusive control from its creation until it ceases to have any effect or validity.
“签发”可转让电子运输记录，是指按照确保该记录自生成至失去效力处于排他性控制之下的程序签发该记录。
22. The “transfer” of a negotiable electronic transport record means the transfer of exclusive control over the record.
“转让”可转让电子运输记录，是指转让对该记录的排他性控制。
23. “Contract particulars” means any information relating to the contract of carriage or to the goods (including terms, notations, signatures and endorsements) that is in a transport document or an electronic transport record.
“合同事项”是指运输单证或者电子运输记录中载明的与运输合同或者与货物有关的任何信息（包括条款、批注、签名和背书）。
24. “Goods” means the wares, merchandise, and articles of every kind whatsoever that a carrier undertakes to carry under a contract of carriage and includes the packing and any equipment and container not supplied by or on behalf of the carrier.
“货物”是指承运人根据运输合同承运的任何种类的制品、商品和物件，包括不是由承运人或者不是以承运人名义提供的包装以及任何设备和集装箱。
25. “Ship” means any vessel used to carry goods by sea.
“船舶”是指用于海上货物运输的任何船只。
26. “Container” means any type of container, transportable tank or flat, swap body, or any similar unit load used to consolidate goods, and any equipment ancillary to such unit load.
“集装箱”是指任何型号的集装箱、运输罐柜或者板架、交换式车厢、或者拼装货物的任何类似货载单元及其附加设备。
27. “Vehicle” means a road or railroad cargo vehicle.
“车辆”是指公路或者铁路货运车辆。
28. “Freight” means the remuneration payable to the carrier for the carriage of goods under a contract of carriage.
“运费”是指应向承运人支付的，根据运输合同运输货物的报酬。
29. “Domicile” means (a) a place where a company or other legal person or association of natural or legal persons has its (i) statutory seat or place of incorporation or central registered office, whichever is applicable, (ii) central administration or (iii) principal place of business, and (b) the habitual residence of a natural person.
“住所”是指(a) 公司、其他法人、自然人社团或者法人社团的下列所在地：(i) 法定处所或者组建地，或者主要注册办事处，以适用者为准，(ii) 主要行政管理机构，或者(iii) 主营业地；和(b) 然人的惯常居住地。
30. “Competent court” means a court in a Contracting State that, according to the rules on the internal allocation of jurisdiction among the courts of that State, may exercise jurisdiction over the dispute.
“管辖法院”是指一缔约国内，根据本国法院之间管辖权内部划分规则可以对某一争议行使管辖权的法院。
Article 2 Interpretation of this Convention 第2 条 本公约的解释
In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.
在解释本公约时，应当考虑到本公约的国际性，考虑到促进统一适用本公约和在国际贸易中遵守诚信的需要。
Article 3 Form requirements 第3 条 形式要求
The notices, confirmation, consent, agreement, declaration and other communications referred to in articles 19, paragraph 2; 23, paragraphs 1 to 4; 36, subparagraphs 1 (b), (c) and (d); 40, subparagraph 4 (b); 44; 48, paragraph 3; 51, subparagraph 1 (b); 59, paragraph 1; 63; 66; 67, paragraph 2; 75, paragraph4; and 80, paragraphs 2 and 5, shall be in writing. Electronic communications may be used for these purposes, provided that the use of such means is with the consent of the person by which it is communicated and of the person to which it is communicated.
第19 条第2 款、第23 条第1 款至第4 款、第36 条第1 款第(b) 项、第(c) 项和第(d) 项、第40 条第4 款第(b) 项、第44 条、第48 条第3 款、第51 条第1 款第(b) 项、第59 条第1 款、第63 条、第66 条、第67 条第2 款、第75 条第4 款以及第80 条第2 款和第5 款述及的通知、确认、同意、约定、声明和其他通信应当采用书面形式。
经收发人同意的，可以为此目的使用电子通信。
Article 4 Applicability of defences and limits of liability 第4 条 抗辩和赔偿责任限制的适用
1. Any provision of this Convention that may provide a defence for, or limit the liability of, the carrier applies in any judicial or arbitral proceeding, whether founded in contract, in tort, or otherwise, that is instituted in respect of loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of goods covered by a contract of carriage or for the breach of any other obligation under this Convention against:
(a) The carrier or a maritime performing party;
(b) The master, crew or any other person that performs services on board the ship; or
(c) Employees of the carrier or a maritime performing party.
本公约的规定，凡可为承运人提供抗辩或者限制其赔偿责任的，适用于以合同、侵权行为或者其他理由为依据，就运输合同所涉货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，或者就违反本公约规定的其他任何义务，对下列人提起的任何司法程序或者仲裁程序：
(a) 承运人或者海运履约方；
(b) 船长、船员或者在船上履行服务的其他任何人；或者
(c) 承运人或者海运履约方的受雇人。
2. Any provision of this Convention that may provide a defence for the shipper or the documentary shipper applies in any judicial or arbitral proceeding, whether founded in contract, in tort, or otherwise, that is instituted against the shipper, the documentary shipper, or their subcontractors, agents or employees.
. 本公约的规定，凡可为托运人或者单证托运人提供抗辩的，适用于以合同、侵权行为或者其他理由为依据，对托运人、单证托运人或者其分合同人、代理人或者受雇人提起的任何司法程序或者仲裁程序。
Chapter 2 Scope of application 第2 章 适用范围
Article 5 General scope of application 第5 条 一般适用范围
1. Subject to article 6, this Convention applies to contracts of carriage in which the place of receipt and the place of delivery are in different States, and the port of loading of a sea carriage and the port of discharge of the same sea carriage are in different States, if, according to the contract of carriage, any one of the following places is located in a Contracting State:
除第6 条另有规定外，本公约适用于收货地和交货地位于不同国家，且海上运输装货港和同一海上运输卸货港位于不同国家的运输合同，条件是运输合同约定以下地点之一位于一缔约国：
(a) The place of receipt; 收货地；
(b) The port of loading; 装货港；
(c) The place of delivery; or交货地；或者
(d) The port of discharge. 卸货港。
2. This Convention applies without regard to the nationality of the vessel, the carrier, the performing parties, the shipper, the consignee, or any other interested parties.
本公约的适用不考虑船舶、承运人、履约方、托运人、收货人或者其他任何利益方的国籍。
Article 6 Specific exclusions第6 条 特定除外情形
1. This Convention does not apply to the following contracts in liner transportation:
1. 本公约不适用于班轮运输中的下列合同：
(a) Charter parties; and 租船合同；和
(b) Other contracts for the use of a ship or of any space thereon.
使用船舶或者其中任何舱位的其他合同。
2. This Convention does not apply to contracts of carriage in non-liner transportation except when: (a) There is no charter party or other contract between the parties for the use of a ship or of any space thereon; and (b) A transport document or an electronic transport record is issued.
本公约不适用于非班轮运输中的运输合同，但下列情形除外：
(a) 当事人之间不存在使用船舶或者其中任何舱位的租船合同或者其他合同；并且
(b) 签发了运输单证或者电子运输记录。
Article 7 Application to certain parties 第7 条 对某些当事人的适用
Notwithstanding article 6, this Convention applies as between the carrier and the consignee, controlling party or holder that is not an original party to the charter party or other contract of carriage excluded from the application of this Convention. However, this Convention does not apply as between the original parties to a contract of carriage excluded pursuant to article 6.
虽有第6 条的规定，如果收货人、控制方或者持有人不是被排除在本公约适用范围之外的租船合同或者其他运输合同的原始当事人，本公约仍然在承运人与此等当事人之间适用。但是，如果当事人是根据第6 条被排除在外的运输合同的原始当事人，本公约在此等原始当事人之间不适用。
Chapter 3 Electronic transport records 第3 章 电子运输记录
Article 8 Use and effect of electronic transport records
第8 条 电子运输记录的使用和效力
Subject to the requirements set out in this Convention: 在不违反本公约所述要求的情况下：
(a) Anything that is to be in or on a transport document under this Convention may be recorded in an electronic transport record, provided the issuance and subsequent use of an electronic transport record is with the consent of the carrier and the shipper; and (b) The issuance, exclusive control, or transfer of an electronic transport record has the same effect as the issuance, possession, or transfer of a transport document.
(a) 凡根据本公约应在运输单证上载明的内容，均可在电子运输记录中加以记载，但电子运输记录的签发和随后的使用须得到承运人和托运人的同意；并且
(b) 电子运输记录的签发、排他性控制或者转让，与运输单证的签发、占有或者转让具有同等效力。
Article 9 Procedures for use of negotiable electronic transport records
第9 条 可转让电子运输记录的使用程序
1. The use of a negotiable electronic transport record shall be subject to procedures that provide for:
(a) The method for the issuance and the transfer of that record to an intended holder;
(b) An assurance that the negotiable electronic transport record retains its integrity;
(c) The manner in which the holder is able to demonstrate that it is the holder; and
(d) The manner of providing confirmation that delivery to the holder has been effected, or that, pursuant to articles 10, paragraph 2, or 47, subparagraphs1 (a) (ii) and (c), the electronic transport record has ceased to have any effect or validity.
1. 使用可转让电子运输记录，应当遵守包含以下内容的程序：
(a) 向预期持有人签发和转让可转让电子运输记录的方法；
(b) 可转让电子运输记录保持完整性的保证；
(c) 持有人能够证明其持有人身份的方式；和
(d) 已向持有人交付货物的确认方式，或者根据第10 条第2 款或者第47 条第1 款第(a) 项第(ii) 目和第(c) 项，可转让电子运输记录已失去效力的确认方式。
2. The procedures in paragraph 1 of this article shall be referred to in the contract particulars and be readily ascertainable.
本条第1 款中的程序应当在合同事项中载明且易于查明。
Article 10 Replacement of negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record
第10 条 可转让运输单证或者可转让电子运输记录的替换
1. If a negotiable transport document has been issued and the carrier and the holder agree to replace that document by a negotiable electronic transport record:
(a) The holder shall surrender the negotiable transport document or all of them if more than one has been issued, to the carrier;
(b) The carrier shall issue to the holder a negotiable electronic transport record that includes a statement that it replaces the negotiable transport document; and
(c) The negotiable transport document ceases thereafter to have any effect or validity.
1. 已签发可转让运输单证，且承运人与持有人约定以可转让电子运输记录替换该运输单证的：
(a) 持有人应当向承运人提交该运输单证，签发一份以上单证的，应当提交所有单证；
(b) 承运人应当向持有人签发一份可转让电子运输纪录，其中应包括一项替换该运输单证的声明；并且
(c) 该运输单证随即失去效力。
2. If a negotiable electronic transport record has been issued and the carrier and the holder agree to replace that electronic transport record by a negotiable transport document:
(a) The carrier shall issue to the holder, in place of the electronic transport record, a negotiable transport document that includes a statement that it replaces the negotiable electronic transport record; and
(b) The electronic transport record ceases thereafter to have any effect or validity.
2. 已签发可转让电子运输记录，且承运人与持有人约定以可转让运输单证替换该电子运输记录的：
(a) 承运人应当向持有人签发一份替换该电子运输记录的可转让运输单证，其中应包括一项替换该电子运输记录的声明；并且 (b) 该电子运输记录随即失去效力。
Chapter 4 Obligations of the carrier 第4 章 承运人的义务
Article 11 Carriage and delivery of the goods 第11 条 货物的运输和交付
The carrier shall, subject to this Convention and in accordance with the terms of the contract of carriage, carry the goods to the place of destination and deliver them to the consignee.
承运人应当根据本公约，按照运输合同的条款将货物运至目的地并交给收货人。
Article 12 Period of responsibility of the carrier 第12 条 承运人的责任期间
1. The period of responsibility of the carrier for the goods under this Convention begins when the carrier or a performing party receives the goods for carriage and ends when the goods are delivered.
承运人根据本公约对货物的责任期间，自承运人或者履约方为运输而接收货物时开始，至货物交付时终止。
2. (a) If the law or regulations of the place of receipt require the goods to be handed over to an authority or other third party from which the carrier may collect them, the period of responsibility of the carrier begins when the carrier collects the goods from the authority or other third party.
收货地的法律或者条例要求将货物交给某当局或者其他第三方，承运人可以从该当局或者该其他第三方提取货物的，承运人的责任期间自承运人从该当局或者从该其他第三方提取货物时开始。
(b) If the law or regulations of the place of delivery require the carrier to hand over the goods to an authority or other third party from which the consignee may collect them, the period of responsibility of the carrier ends when the carrier hands the goods over to the authority or other third party.
交货地的法律或者条例要求将货物交给某当局或者其他第三方，收货人可以从该当局或者该其他第三方提取货物的，承运人的责任期间至承运人将货物交给该当局或者该其他第三方时终止。
3. For the purpose of determining the carrier’s period of responsibility, the parties may agree on the time and location of receipt and delivery of the goods, but a provision in a contract of carriage is void to the extent that it provides that:
(a) The time of receipt of the goods is subsequent to the beginning of their initial loading under the contract of carriage; or
(b) The time of delivery of the goods is prior to the completion of their final unloading under the contract of carriage.
. 为确定承运人的责任期间，各方当事人可以约定接收和交付货物的时间和地点，但运输合同条款作下述规定的即为无效：
(a) 接收货物的时间是在根据运输合同开始最初装货之后； 或者
(b) 交付货物的时间是在根据运输合同完成最后卸货之前。
Article 13 Specific obligations 第13 条 具体义务
1. The carrier shall during the period of its responsibility as defined in article 12, and subject to article 26, properly and carefully receive, load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, unload and deliver the goods.
在第12 条规定的责任期间内，除第26 条另有规定外，承运人应当妥善而谨慎地接收、装载、操作、积载、运输、保管、照料、卸载并交付货物。
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this article, and without prejudice to the other provisions in chapter 4 and to chapters 5 to 7, the carrier and the shipper may agree that the loading, handling, stowing or unloading of the goods is to be performed by the shipper, the documentary shipper or the consignee. Such an agreement shall be referred to in the contract particulars.
虽有本条第1 款规定，在不影响第4 章其他规定以及第5 章至第7 章规定的情况下，承运人与托运人可以约定由托运人、单证托运人或者收货人装载、操作、积载或者卸载货物。此种约定应当在合同事项中载明。
Article 14 Specific obligations applicable to the voyage by sea
第14 条 特别适用于海上航程的义务
The carrier is bound before, at the beginning of, and during the voyage by sea to exercise due diligence to:
(a) Make and keep the ship seaworthy;
(b) Properly crew, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so crewed, equipped and supplied throughout the voyage; and
(c) Make and keep the holds and all other parts of the ship in which the goods are carried, and any containers supplied by the carrier in or upon which the goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.
承运人必须在开航前、开航当时和海上航程中谨慎处理：
(a) 使船舶处于且保持适航状态；
(b) 妥善配备船员、装备船舶和补给供应品，且在整个航程中保持此种配备、装备和补给；并且
(c) 使货舱、船舶所有其他载货处所和由承运人提供的载货集装箱适于且能安全接收、运输和保管货物，且保持此种状态。
Article 15 Goods that may become a danger 第15 条 可能形成危险的货物
Notwithstanding articles 11 and 13, the carrier or a performing party may decline to receive or to load, and may take such other measures as are reasonable, including unloading, destroying, or rendering goods harmless, if the goods are, or reasonably appear likely to become during the carrier’s period of responsibility, an actual danger to persons, property or the environment.
虽有第11 条和第13 条规定，如果货物已对人身、财产或者环境形成实际危险，或者适度显现有可能在承运人责任期间内形成此种危险，承运人或者履约方可以拒绝接收或者装载货物，且可以采取包括将货物卸下、销毁或者使之不能致害等其他合理措施。
Article 16 Sacrifice of the goods during the voyage by sea
第16 条 海上航程期间牺牲货物
Notwithstanding articles 11, 13, and 14, the carrier or a performing party may sacrifice goods at sea when the sacrifice is reasonably made for the common safety or for the purpose of preserving from peril human life or other property involved in the common adventure.
虽有第11 条、第13 条和第14 条规定，承运人或者履约方仍可以在海上牺牲货物，但应是为了共同安全，或者是为了保全同一航程中人命或者其他财产，使之免遭危险而合理作出此种牺牲。
Chapter 5 Liability of the carrier for loss, damage or delay
第5 章 承运人对灭失、损坏或者迟延所负的赔偿责任
Article 17 Basis of liability 第17 条 赔偿责任基础
1. The carrier is liable for loss of or damage to the goods, as well as for delay in delivery, if the claimant proves that the loss, damage, or delay, or the event or circumstance that caused or contributed to it took place during the period of the carrier’s responsibility as defined in chapter 4.
如果索赔人证明，货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，或者造成、促成了灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的事件或者情形是在第4 章规定的承运人责任期间内发生的，承运人应当对货物灭失、损坏和迟延交付负赔偿责任。
2. The carrier is relieved of all or part of its liability pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article if it proves that the cause or one of the causes of the loss, damage, or delay is not attributable to its fault or to the fault of any person referred to in article 18.
如果承运人证明，灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的原因或者原因之一不能归责于承运人本人的过失或者第18 条述及的任何人的过失，可免除承运人根据本条第1 款所负的全部或者部分赔偿责任。
3. The carrier is also relieved of all or part of its liability pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article if, alternatively to proving the absence of fault as provided in paragraph 2 of this article, it proves that one or more of the following events or circumstances caused or contributed to the loss, damage, or delay:
除证明不存在本条第2 款规定的过失之外，如果承运人证明下列一种或者数种事件或者情形造成、促成了灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，也可免除承运人根据本条第1 款规定所负的全部或者部分赔偿责任：
(a) Act of God;
(b) Perils, dangers, and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters;
(c) War, hostilities, armed conflict, piracy, terrorism, riots, and civil commotions;
(d) Quarantine restrictions; interference by or impediments created by governments, public authorities, rulers, or people including detention, arrest, or seizure not attributable to the carrier or any person referred to in article 18;
(e) Strikes, lockouts, stoppages, or restraints of labour;
(f) Fire on the ship;
(g) Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence;
(h) Act or omission of the shipper, the documentary shipper, the controlling party, or any other person for whose acts the shipper or the documentary shipper is liable pursuant to article 33 or 34;
(a) 天灾；
(b) 海上或者其他通航水域的风险、危险和事故；
(c) 战争、敌对行动、武装冲突、海盗、恐怖活动、暴乱和民变；
(d) 检疫限制；政府、公共当局、统治者或者人民的干涉或者造成的障碍，包括非由承运人或者第18 条述及的任何人所造成的滞留、扣留或者扣押；
(e) 罢工、关厂、停工或者劳动受限；
(f) 船上发生火灾；
(g) 通过合理的谨慎无法发现的潜在缺陷；
(h) 托运人、单证托运人、控制方或者根据第33 条或者第34 条托运人或者单证托运人对其作为承担责任的其他任何人的作为或者不作为；
(i) Loading, handling, stowing, or unloading of the goods performed pursuant to an agreement in accordance with article 13, paragraph 2, unless the carrier or a performing party performs such activity on behalf of the shipper, the documentary shipper or the consignee;
(j) Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality, or vice of the goods;
(k) Insufficiency or defective condition of packing or marking not performed by or on behalf of the carrier;
(l) Saving or attempting to save life at sea;
(m) Reasonable measures to save or attempt to save property at sea;
(n) Reasonable measures to avoid or attempt to avoid damage to the environment; or
(o) Acts of the carrier in pursuance of the powers conferred by articles 15 and 16.
(i) 按照第13 条第2 款所述及的约定进行的货物装载、操作、积载或者卸载，除非承运人或者履约方代表托运人、单证托运人或者收货人实施此项活动；
(j) 由于货物固有缺陷、品质或者瑕疵而造成的数量或者重量损耗或者其他任何灭失或者损坏；
(k) 非由承运人或者代其行事的人所做包装不良或者标志欠缺、不清；
(l) 海上救助或者试图救助人命；
(m) 海上救助或者试图救助财产的合理措施；
(n) 避免或者试图避免对环境造成危害的合理措施；或者
(o) 承运人根据第15 条和第16 条所赋权利的作为。
4. Notwithstanding paragraph 3 of this article, the carrier is liable for all or part of the loss, damage, or delay:
(a) If the claimant proves that the fault of the carrier or of a person referred to in article 18 caused or contributed to the event or circumstance on which the carrier relies; or
(b) If the claimant proves that an event or circumstance not listed in paragraph 3 of this article contributed to the loss, damage, or delay, and the carrier cannot prove that this event or circumstance is not attributable to its fault or to the fault of any person referred to in article 18.
虽有本条第3 款规定，有下列情形之一的，承运人仍应当对灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的全部或者部分负赔偿责任：
(a) 索赔人证明，承运人或者第18 条述及的人的过失造成、促成了承运人所依据的事件或者情形；或者
(b) 索赔人证明，本条第3 款所列事件或者情形以外的事件或者情形促成了灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，且承运人无法证明，该事件或者情形既不能归责于其本人的过失，也不能归责于第18条述及的任何人的过失。
5. The carrier is also liable, notwithstanding paragraph 3 of this article, for all or part of the loss, damage, or delay if:
(a) The claimant proves that the loss, damage, or delay was or was probably caused by or contributed to by (i) the unseaworthiness of the ship; (ii) the improper crewing, equipping, and supplying of the ship; or (iii) the fact that the holds or other parts of the ship in which the goods are carried, or any containers supplied by the carrier in or upon which the goods are carried, were not fit and safe for reception, carriage, and preservation of the goods; and
(b) The carrier is unable to prove either that: (i) none of the events or circumstances referred to in subparagraph 5 (a) of this article caused the loss, damage, or delay; or (ii) it complied with its obligation to exercise due diligence pursuant to article 14.
虽有本条第3 款规定，在下列情况下，承运人还应当对灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的全部或者部分负赔偿责任：
(a) 索赔人证明，造成或者可能造成，促成或者可能促成灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的原因是：(i) 船舶不适航；(ii) 配备船员、装备船舶和补给供应品不当；或者(iii) 货舱、船舶其他载货处所或者由承运人提供的载货集装箱不适于且不能安全接收、运输和保管货物；并且
(b) 承运人无法证明：(i) 造成灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的原因不是本条第5 款第(a) 项述及的任何事件或者情形；或者(ii) 承运人遵守了第14 条所规定的合理谨慎义务。
6. When the carrier is relieved of part of its liability pursuant to this article, the carrier is liable only for that part of the loss, damage or delay that is attributable to the event or circumstance for which it is liable pursuant to this article.
承运人根据本条规定被免除部分赔偿责任的，承运人仅对根据本条应由其负赔偿责任的事件或者情形所造成的那部分灭失、损坏或者迟延交付负赔偿责任。
Article 18 Liability of the carrier for other persons 第18 条 承运人为其他人负赔偿责任
The carrier is liable for the breach of its obligations under this Convention caused by the acts or omissions of:
(a) Any performing party;
(b) The master or crew of the ship;
(c) Employees of the carrier or a performing party; or
(d) Any other person that performs or undertakes to perform any of the carrier’s obligations under the contract of carriage, to the extent that the person acts, either directly or indirectly, at the carrier’s request or under the carrier’s supervision or control.
下列人的作为或者不作为违反本公约对承运人规定的义务，承运人应当负赔偿责任：
(a) 任何履约方；
(b) 船长或者船员；
(c) 承运人的受雇人或者履约方的受雇人；或者
(d) 履行或者承诺履行运输合同规定的承运人义务的其他任何人，以该人按照承运人的要求，或者在承运人的监督或者控制下直接或者间接作为为限。
Article 19 Liability of maritime performing parties 第19 条 海运履约方的赔偿责任
1. A maritime performing party is subject to the obligations and liabilities imposed on the carrier under this Convention and is entitled to the carrier’s defences and limits of liability as provided for in this Convention if:
(a) The maritime performing party received the goods for carriage in a Contracting State, or delivered them in a Contracting State, or performed its activities with respect to the goods in a port in a Contracting State; and
(b) The occurrence that caused the loss, damage or delay took place: (i) during the period between the arrival of the goods at the port of loading of the ship and their departure from the port of discharge from the ship; (ii) while the maritime performing party had custody of the goods; or (iii) at any other time to the extent that it was participating in the performance of any of the activities contemplated by the contract of carriage.
1. 符合下列条件的，海运履约方必须承担本公约对承运人规定的义务和赔偿责任，且有权享有本公约对承运人规定的抗辩和赔偿责任限制：
(a) 海运履约方在一缔约国为运输而接收了货物或者在一缔约国交付了货物，或者在一缔约国某一港口履行了与货物有关的各种活动；并且
(b) 造成灭失、损坏或者迟延交付的事件发生在：(i) 货物到达船舶装货港至货物离开船舶卸货港的期间内；(ii)货物在海运履约方掌管期间内；或者(iii) 海运履约方参与履行运输合同所载列任何活动的其他任何时间内。
2. If the carrier agrees to assume obligations other than those imposed on the carrier under this Convention, or agrees that the limits of its liability are higher than the limits specified under this Convention, a maritime performing party is not bound by this agreement unless it expressly agrees to accept such obligations or such higher limits.
承运人约定在本公约对其规定的义务范围之外承担义务的，或者约定其赔偿责任限额高于本公约所规定的限额的，海运履约方不受该约定的约束，除非海运履约方明确约定接受该义务或者该更高限额。
3. A maritime performing party is liable for the breach of its obligations under this Convention caused by the acts or omissions of any person to which it has entrusted the performance of any of the carrier’s obligations under the contract of carriage under the conditions set out in paragraph 1 of this article.
符合本条第1 款所列条件的，对于受海运履约方委托，履行运输合同约定的承运人义务的人违反本公约对海运履约方规定的义务的作为或者不作为，海运履约方负赔偿责任。
4. Nothing in this Convention imposes liability on the master or crew of the ship or on an employee of the carrier or of a maritime performing party.
本公约规定概不要求船长或者船员、承运人的受雇人或者海运履约方的受雇人负赔偿责任。
Article 20 Joint and several liability 第20 条 连带赔偿责任
1. If the carrier and one or more maritime performing parties are liable for the loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of the goods, their liability is joint and several but only up to the limits provided for under this Convention.
对于货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，承运人和一个或者数个海运履约方均负有赔偿责任的，其赔偿责任为连带责任，但仅限于本公约所规定的限额。
2. Without prejudice to article 61, the aggregate liability of all such persons shall not exceed the overall limits of liability under this Convention.
在不影响第61 条的情况下，上述所有人的累计赔偿责任不得超过本公约所规定的赔偿责任总限额。
Article 21 Delay 第21 条 迟延
Delay in delivery occurs when the goods are not delivered at the place of destination provided for in the contract of carriage within the time agreed.
未在约定时间内在运输合同约定的目的地交付货物，为迟延交付。
Article 22 Calculation of compensation 第22 条 赔偿额的计算
1. Subject to article 59, the compensation payable by the carrier for loss of or damage to the goods is calculated by reference to the value of such goods at the place and time of delivery established in accordance with article 43.
除第59 条另有规定外，承运人对货物灭失或者损坏应支付的赔偿额，参照货物在根据第43 条确定的交货地和交货时间的价值计算。
2. The value of the goods is fixed according to the commodity exchange price or, if there is no such price, according to their market price or, if there is no commodity exchange price or market price, by reference to the normal value of the goods of the same kind and quality at the place of delivery.
货物价值根据商品交易价格确定，无此种价格的，根据其市场价格确定，既无商品交易价格又无市场价格的，参照交货地同种类和同品质货物的通常价值确定。
3. In case of loss of or damage to the goods, the carrier is not liable for payment of any compensation beyond what is provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article except when the carrier and the shipper have agreed to calculate compensation in a different manner within the limits of chapter 16.
货物发生灭失或者损坏的，承运人对超出本条第1 款和第2 款所规定的赔偿额不负任何赔偿责任，除非承运人与托运人在第16 章的限度内约定了赔偿额的不同计算方法。
Article 23 Notice in case of loss, damage or delay
第23 条 发生灭失、损坏或者迟延时的通知
1. The carrier is presumed, in absence of proof to the contrary, to have delivered the goods according to their description in the contract particulars unless notice of loss of or damage to the goods, indicating the general nature of such loss or damage, was given to the carrier or the performing party that delivered the goods before or at the time of the delivery, or, if the loss or damage is not apparent, within seven working days at the place of delivery after the delivery of the goods.
除非已在交货前或者交货时，或者在灭失或者损坏不明显的情况下，在交货后交货地的七个工作日内向承运人或者向实际交付货物的履约方提交了表明此种灭失或者损坏一般性质的货物灭失或者损坏通知，否则，在无相反证据的情况下，推定承运人已按照合同事项中有关货物的记载交付了货物。
2. Failure to provide the notice referred to in this article to the carrier or the performing party shall not affect the right to claim compensation for loss of or damage to the goods under this Convention, nor shall it affect the allocation of the burden of proof set out in article 17.
未向承运人或者履约方提交本条述及的通知，不得影响根据本公约对货物灭失或者损坏索赔的权利，也不得影响第17 条所规定的举证责任分担。
3. The notice referred to in this article is not required in respect of loss or damage that is ascertained in a joint inspection of the goods by the person to which they have been delivered and the carrier or the maritime performing party against which liability is being asserted.
被交付货物的人与承运人或者与当时被要求承担赔偿责任的海运履约方对货物进行了联合检验的，无须就联合检验所查明的灭失或者损坏提交本条述及的通知。
4. No compensation in respect of delay is payable unless notice of loss due to delay was given to the carrier within twenty-one consecutive days of delivery of the goods.
除非在交货后二十一个连续日内向承运人提交了迟延造成损失的通知，否则无须就迟延支付任何赔偿金。
5. When the notice referred to in this article is given to the performing party that delivered the goods, it has the same effect as if that notice was given to the carrier, and notice given to the carrier has the same effect as a notice given to a maritime performing party.
向实际交付货物的履约方提交本条述及的通知，与向承运人提交该通知具有同等效力；向承运人提交通知，与向海运履约方提交通知具有同等效力。
6. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage, the parties to the dispute shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods and shall provide access to records and documents relevant to the carriage of the goods.
对于任何实际发生的或者预想发生的灭失或者损坏，争议各方当事人应当为检验和清点货物相互提供一切合理便利，且应当为查询有关货物运输的记录和单证提供机会。
Chapter 6 Additional provisions relating to particular stages of carriage
第6 章 有关特定运输阶段的补充条款
Article 24 Deviation 第24 条 绕航
When pursuant to applicable law a deviation constitutes a breach of the carrier’s obligations, such deviation of itself shall not deprive the carrier or a maritime performing party of any defence or limitation of this Convention, except to the extent provided in article 61.
绕航根据准据法构成违反承运人义务的，此种绕航本身不得剥夺本公约为承运人或者海运履约方提供的任何抗辩或者赔偿责任限制，但第61 条规定的情形除外。
Article 25 Deck cargo on ships 第25 条 船舶上的舱面货
1. Goods may be carried on the deck of a ship only if:
(a) Such carriage is required by law;
(b) They are carried in or on containers or vehicles that are fit for deck carriage, and the decks are specially fitted to carry such containers or vehicles; or
(c) The carriage on deck is in accordance with the contract of carriage, or the customs, usages or practices of the trade in question.
1. 在船舶舱面上载运货物，只能限于下列情形：
(a) 根据法律的要求进行此种运输；
(b) 货物载于适合舱面运输的集装箱内或者车辆内，而舱面专门适于载运此类集装箱或者车辆；或者
(c) 舱面运输符合运输合同或者相关行业的习惯、惯例或者做法。
2. The provisions of this Convention relating to the liability of the carrier apply to the loss of, damage to or delay in the delivery of goods carried on deck pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article, but the carrier is not liable for loss of or damage to such goods, or delay in their delivery, caused by the special risks involved in their carriage on deck when the goods are carried in accordance with subparagraphs 1 (a) or (c) of this article.
本公约有关承运人赔偿责任的规定，适用于根据本条第1 款在舱面上载运的货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，但根据本条第1 款第(a) 项或者第(c) 项载运货物的，对于舱面载运货物涉及的特殊风险所造成的货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，承运人不负赔偿责任。
3. If the goods have been carried on deck in cases other than those permitted pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article, the carrier is liable for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in their delivery that is exclusively caused by their carriage on deck, and is not entitled to the defences provided for in article 17.
在舱面上载运货物，不是本条第1 款所准许的情形的，对于完全由于舱面载运货物所造成的货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，承运人负赔偿责任，且无权享有第17 条规定的抗辩。
4. The carrier is not entitled to invoke subparagraph 1 (c) of this article against a third party that has acquired a negotiable transport document or a negotiable electronic transport record in good faith, unless the contract particulars state that the goods may be carried on deck.
第三方已善意取得可转让运输单证或者可转让电子运输记录的，承运人无权对其援用本条第1 款第(c) 项的规定，除非合同事项载明可以在舱面上载运货物。
5. If the carrier and shipper expressly agreed that the goods would be carried under deck, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability for any loss of, damage to or delays in the delivery of the goods to the extent that such loss, damage, or delay resulted from their carriage on deck.
承运人与托运人明确约定货物将载于舱内的，如果货物载于舱面造成任何灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，对于此种灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，承运人无权享有限制赔偿责任的利益。
Article 26 Carriage preceding or subsequent to sea carriage
第26 条 海上运输之前或者之后的运输
When loss of or damage to goods, or an event or circumstance causing a delay in their delivery, occurs during the carrier’s period of responsibility but solely before their loading onto the ship or solely after their discharge from the ship, the provisions of this Convention do not prevail over those provisions of another international instrument that, at the time of such loss, damage or event or circumstance causing delay:
(a) Pursuant to the provisions of such international instrument would have applied to all or any of the carrier’s activities if the shipper had made a separate and direct contract with the carrier in respect of the particular stage of carriage where the loss of, or damage to goods, or an event or circumstance causing delay in their delivery occurred;
(b) Specifically provide for the carrier’s liability, limitation of liability, or time for suit; and
(c) Cannot be departed from by contract either at all or to the detriment of the shipper under that instrument.
如果货物灭失、损坏或者造成迟延交付的事件或者情形发生在承运人的责任期间内，但发生的时间仅在货物装上船舶之前或者仅在货物卸离船舶之后，本公约的规定不得优先于其他国际文书的下述条文，在此种灭失、损坏或者造成迟延交付的事件或者情形发生时：
(a) 根据该国际文书的规定，如果托运人已就发生货物灭失、损坏或者造成货物迟延交付的事件或者情形的特定运输阶段与承运人订有单独和直接的合同，本应适用于承运人全部活动或者任何活动的条文；
(b) 就承运人的赔偿责任、赔偿责任限制或者时效作了具体规定的条文；和
(c) 根据该文书，完全不能通过订立合同加以背离的条文，或者不能在损害托运人利益的情况下通过订立合同加以背离的条文。
