CONVENTION ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980 （1980年6月19日订于罗马） PREAMBLE序言 CONTENT 目 录 TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇 公约的适用范围 Article 1 Scope of the ConveCONVENTION ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980 （1980年6月19日订于罗马）
PREAMBLE序言
CONTENT 目 录
TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇 公约的适用范围
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 第一条 公约的适用范围
TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇 公约的适用范围
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 第一条 公约的适用范围
Article 2 Application of law of non-contracting States 第二条 非缔约国法律的适用
TITLE II UNIFORM RULES第二篇 统一规则
Article 3 Freedom of choice 第三条 法律选择的自由
Article 4 Applicable law in the absence of choice 第四条 未作选择适用的法律
Article 5 Certain consumer contracts 第五条 某些消费者合同
Article 6 Individual employment contracts 第六条 个人雇佣合同
Article 7 Mandatory rules 第七条 强制性规定
Article 8 Material validity 第八条 合同实质的有效性
Article 9 Formal validity 第九条 合同形式的有效性
Article 10 Scope of the applicable law 第十条 可以适用的法律的适用范围
Article 11 Incapacity 第十一条 无行为能力
Article 12 Voluntary assignment 第十二条 自愿转让
Article 13 Subrogation 第十三条 代位求偿权
Article 14 Burden of proof, etc. 第十四条 举证责任等事项
Article 15 Exclusion of renvoi 第十五条 反致的排除
Article 16 "Ordre public" 第十六条 “公共秩序”
Article 17 No retrospective effect 第十七条 无追溯效力
Article 18 Uniform interpretation 第十八条 统一解释
Article 19 States with more than one legal system 第十九条 有超过一个的法律制度的国家
Article 20 Precedence of Community law 第二十条 共同体法的优先适用
Article 21 Relationship with other conventions 第二十一条 同其他公约的关系
Article 22 Reservations 第二十二条 保留
TITLE III FINAL PROVISIONS 第三篇 最后条款
Article 23第二十三条
Article 24第二十四条
Article 25 第二十五条
Article 26第二十六条
Article 27 第二十七条
Article 28 第二十八条
Article 29第二十九条
Article 30 第三十条
Article 31 第三十一条
PROTOCOL附一 议定书
JOINT DECLARATION 附二 联合声明
JOINT DECLARATION 附三 联合声明
TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇 公约的适用范围
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 第一条 公约的适用范围
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, ANXIOUS to continue in the field of private international law the work of unification of law which has already been done within the Community, in particular in the field of jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments, WISHING to establish uniform rules concerning the law applicable to contractual obligations, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
缔结欧洲经济共同体条约的各缔约国，切望继续进行在共同体内已经进行过的国际私法领域内的统一法律工作，尤其是在管辖权及判决的执行方面的统一法律工作，愿意就有关合同债务适用的法律方面制订统一的规则，现达成协议如下：
TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇 公约的适用范围
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 第一条 公约的适用范围
1. The rules of this Convention shall apply to contractual obligations in any situation involving a choice between the laws of different countries.
（一）本公约的规定适用于任何涉及须选择采用不同国家法律的情况的合同义务。
2. They shall not apply to: （二）本公约不适用于：
1．涉及自然人的身份或法律行为能力的问题，但不影响第十一条的规定。
(a) questions involving the status or legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to Article 11;
(b) contractual obligations relating to:- 2．有关下列各项的合同义务
wills and succession, 遗嘱及继承，
rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, 因婚姻关系而发生的财产权，
因家庭关系、亲子关系、婚姻或姻亲关系而发生的权利和义务，包括对非婚生子女的扶养义务；
rights and duties arising out of a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity, including maintenance obligations in respect of children who are not legitimate;
(c) obligations arising under bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes and other negotiable instruments to the extent that the obligations under such other negotiable instruments arise out of their negotiable character;
3．因汇票、支票和期票而发生的义务及其他流通票据因其流通性质而发生的义务；
(d) arbitration agreements and agreements on the choice of court;
4．仲裁协议及选择法院的协议；
(e) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate such as the creation, by registration or otherwise, legal capacity, internal organization or winding up of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate and the personal liability of officers and members as such for the obligations of the company or body;
5．由公司法和其他关于法人团体或非法人团体的法律所支配的问题，诸如无论根据登记或其他方式，公司和其他法人团体或非法人团体的创设，其法律行为能力、内部组织、歇业清理以及其高级职员及成员，由于其职务及组织关系对公司或法人所负债务的个人责任；
(f) the question whether an agent is able to bind a principal, or an organ to bind a company or body corporate or unincorporate, to a third party;
6．代理人是否能使委托人对第三人承担义务，或代理机构能否使公司或法人团体或非法人团体对第三人承担义务的问题；
(g) the constitution of trusts and the relationship between settlors, trustees and beneficiaries;
7．信托的设立以及信托财产的授予人、受托人和信托受益人之间的关系；
(h) evidence and procedure, without prejudice to Article 14.
8．证据和诉讼程序，但不影响第十四条的规定。
3. The rules of this Convention do not apply to contracts of insurance which cover risks situated in the territories of the Member States of the European Economic Community. In order to determine whether a risk is situated in these territories the court shall apply its internal law.
（三）本公约的规定不适用于承保位于共同体成员国领土内之风险的保险合同，为确定风险是否位于这些领土之内，法院应适用其国内法。
4. The preceding paragraph does not apply to contracts of re-insurance.
（四）前款规定不适用于再保险合同。
Article 2 Application of law of non-contracting States 第二条 非缔约国法律的适用
Any law specified by this Convention shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Contracting State.
凡公约指定适用的法律，无论其是否缔约国的法律，均应予以适用。
TITLE II UNIFORM RULES第二篇 统一规则
Article 3 Freedom of choice 第三条 法律选择的自由
1. A contract shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties. The choice must be expressed or demonstrated with reasonable certainty by the terms of the contract or the circumstances of the case. By their choice the parties can select the law applicable to the whole or a part only of the contract.
一、合同依当事人选择的法律。法律选择必须通过合同条款或具体情况相当明确地加以表示或表明。双方当事人可自行选择适用于合同的全部或部分的法律。
2. The parties may at any time agree to subject the contract to a law other than that which previously governed it, whether as a result of an earlier choice under this Article or of other provisions of this Convention. Any variation by the parties of the law to be applied made after the conclusion of the contract shall not prejudice its formal validity under Article 9 or adversely affect the rights of third parties.
二、当事人得在任何时候以协议变更其合同所适用的法律，无论以前适用的法律系根据本条选择的结果或是依本公约其他规定的结果。当事人于合同签订后变更适用的法律不应损害第九条规定的合同形式效力，或对第三者的权利造成不利影响。
3. The fact that the parties have chosen a foreign law, whether or not accompanied by the choice of a foreign tribunal, shall not, where all the other elements relevant to the situation at the time of the choice are connected with one country only, prejudice the application of rules of the law of that country which cannot be derogated from by contract, hereinafter called "mandatory rules".
三、当事人选择外国法这一事实，无论其是否同时选择外国法庭，如在法律选择时一切与当事情况有关的因素仅同一个国家有关，不应影响该国法律规定的适用，即该国法律规定（以下称“强制性规定”）其适用不得以合同废除之。
4. The existence and validity of the consent of the parties as to the choice of the applicable law shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Articles 8, 9 and 11.
四、当事人对于选择适用的法律是否同意，有无效力，应依第八条、第九条及第十一条的规定。
Article 4 Applicable law in the absence of choice 第四条 未作选择适用的法律
1. To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection with another country may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country.
一、凡未依第三条选择适用法律的合同，依与之有最密切关系的国家的法律。但合同的可分割的部分如同另一国有较紧密的关系，则该部分得作为例外，依该其他国家的法律的规定。
2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the party who is to effect the performance which is characteristic of the contract has, at the time of conclusion of the contract, his habitual residence, or, in the case of a body corporate or unincorporate, its central administration. However, if the contract is entered into in the1. To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection with another country may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country.
course of that party's trade or profession, that country shall be the country in which the principal place of business is situated or, where under the terms of the contract the performance is to be effected through a place of business other than the principal place of business, the country in which that other place of business is situated.
二、除本条第五款另有规定外，应推定，在订立合同时，承担履行该合同特定义务的当事人一方有其惯常居所，或如为法人团体或非法人团体，则有其管理中心机构的国家，为与合同有最密切关系的国家。但如合同系在当事人进行交易或执行职业性职务的过程中订立，则与之关系最密切的国家应为主营业所所在地国家，或如根据合同的条款，合同的履行地是主营业所所在地以外的其他营业所所在地，则应为其他营业所所在地国家。
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, to the extent that the subject matter of the contract is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the immovable property is situated.
三、如合同之标的为不动产产权，或不动产使用权，应推定与合同有最密切关系的国家为不动产所在地国家，本条第二款的规定，不适用之。
4. A contract for the carriage of goods shall not be subject to the presumption in paragraph 2. In such a contract if the country in which, at the time the contract is concluded, the carrier has his principal place of business is also the country in which the place of loading or the place of discharge or the principal place of business of the consignor is situated, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with that country. In applying this paragraph single voyage charter-parties and other contracts the main purpose of which is the carriage of goods shall be treated as contracts for the carriage of goods.
四、货运合同不得适用本条第二款进行推定。在此种合同中，如在订立合同时，承运方有其主营业所所在地的国家亦为装运地、卸货地，或发货方主营业所所在地的国家，应推定合同与此国家有最密切关系。适用本条款时，单程航行的租船合同及主要目的在于货运的其他合同均应视作货运合同。
5. Paragraph 2 shall not apply if the characteristic performance cannot be determined, and the presumptions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall be disregarded if it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country.
五、如当事人承担履行的特定义务不能确定，则第二款不得适用；如从整个情况看，合同与另一国家的关系似较为密切，则第二款、第三款、第四款的推定，应毋庸议。
Article 5 Certain consumer contracts 第五条 某些消费者合同
1. This Article applies to a contract the object of which is the supply of goods or services to a person ("the consumer") for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, or a contract for the provision of credit for that object.
一、本条之规定适用于以向人（消费者）提供货物或劳务为目的的合同，而此项货物或劳务系可被认为非供其用于行业或职业用途者，或为上述目的而提供信贷的合同。
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the consumer of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence:
- if in that country the conclusion of the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to him or by advertising, and he had taken in that country all the steps necessary on his part for the conclusion of the contract, or
- if the other party or his agent received the consumer's order in that country, or
- if the contract is for the sale of goods and the consumer travelled from that country to another country and there gave his order, provided that the consumer's journey was arranged by the seller for the purpose of inducing the consumer to buy.
二、尽管有第三条的规定，由双方当事人作出的法律选择不具有剥夺消费者惯常居所国法律的强制性规定所给予他的保护的后果；
如于该国订立合同是先经向消费者个别推销或通过广告推销，然后该消费者已于该国采取了在其他方面为订立合同所需的一切步骤，或
如另一方或其代理人系于该国收到消费者的定单，或
如系售货合同，消费者曾离开该国至另一国提交定单，而消费者的旅程又系卖方为导致消费者购买之目的而为之安排的。
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract to which this Article applies shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence if it is entered into in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of this Article.
三、尽管有第四条的规定，本条适用的合同如未按第三条作出法律选择，应依消费者惯常居所地国的法律，倘此合同订立的情况符合本条第二款的规定。
4. This Article shall not apply to: (a) a contract of carriage;
(b) a contract for the supply of services where the services are to be supplied to the consumer exclusively in a country other than that in which he has his habitual residence.
四、本条的规定不适用于：
（一）运输合同；
（二）对消费者提供劳务的合同，其提供劳务地系完全在另一国家而不在消费者有其惯常居所地的国家。
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, this Article shall apply to a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation.
五、尽管有第四款的规定。本条适用于按一个总计价格合并提供旅行及膳宿等供应的合同。
Article 6 Individual employment contracts 第六条 个人雇佣合同
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, in a contract of employment a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law which would be applicable under paragraph 2 in the absence of choice.
一、尽管有第三条的规定，在雇佣合同中双方当事人的法律选择不具有剥夺受雇人由法律的强制性规定给予的保护的后果，此项强制性规定即按第二款的规定于未作法律选择时应适用的法律的规定。
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract of employment shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed:
(a) by the law of the country in which the employee habitually carries out his work in performance of the contract, even if he is temporarily employed in another country ; or
(b) if the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one country, by the law of the country in which the place of business through which he was engaged is situated; unless it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country, in which case the contract shall be governed by the law of that country.
二、尽管有第四条的规定，雇佣合同未按第三条规定作出法律选择时应依：
（一）履地合同时受雇人惯常进行其工作地的国家的法律，即使他仅系暂时受雇于另一国家；或
（二）如受雇人并不惯常于任何一个国家进行工作，则为他所受雇的营业所所在地国家的法律。
但如从整个情况看，合同与另一国有更密切的关系，则此合同应依该另一国法。
Article 7 Mandatory rules 第七条 强制性规定
1. When applying under this Convention the law of a country, effect may be given to the mandatory rules of the law of another country with which the situation has a close connection, if and in so far as, under the law of the latter country, those rules must be applied whatever the law applicable to the contract. In considering whether to give effect to these mandatory rules, regard shall be had to their nature and purpose and to the consequences of their application or non-application.
一、根据本公约适用某一国的法律时，如依其情况，与另一国有着密切的关系，则该另一国法律的强制性规定，得认为有效，但必须依该另一国的法律，亦不论何种法律适用于该合同，均必须适用此种强制性规定时为限。在考虑是否认为此种强制性规定为有效时，应注意此种规定的性质和目的，以及其适用或不适用的后果。
2. Nothing in this Convention shall restrict the application of the rules of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract.
二、本公约并不限制适用法院地法的强制性规定，不管原应适用于该合同的什么法律。
Article 8 Material validity 第八条 合同实质的有效性
1. The existence and validity of a contract, or of any term of a contract, shall be determined by the law which would govern it under this Convention if the contract or term were valid.
一、合同或合同任何条款的存在及效力，根据依本公约应适用的法律而定，如该合同或条款已属有效。
2. Nevertheless a party may rely upon the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence to establish that he did not consent if it appears from the circumstances that it would not be reasonable to determine the effect of his conduct in accordance with the law specified in the preceding paragraph.
二、但如情况表明，按前款规定以确定其行为的效力为不合理时，任何一方当事人得援用其惯常居所地法以确证他并未承担合同义务。
Article 9 Formal validity 第九条 合同形式的有效性
1. A contract concluded between persons who are in the same country is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of the country where it is concluded.
一、在同一国家的当事人之间订立的合同，如符合依本公约应适用的法律，或符合合同成立地国法所要求的形式要件，则形式为有效。
2. A contract concluded between persons who are in different countries is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of one of those countries.
二、在不同国家的当事人之间订立的合同，如符合依本公约应适用的法律或符合该不同国家之一的法律所要求的形式要件，则形式为有效。
3. Where a contract is concluded by an agent, the country in which the agent acts is the relevant country for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2.
三、如合同为代理人所订立，第一款和第二款所称之国家，为代理人行为地国。
4. An act intended to have legal effect relating to an existing or contemplated contract is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which under this Convention governs or would govern the contract or of the law of the country where the act was done.
四、与现有的或正在商订的合同有关的法律行为，如符合依本公约应适用的法律，或将适用的法律，或符合行为地国法所要求的形式要件，则形式为有效。
5. The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall not apply to a contract to which Article 5 applies, concluded in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of Article 5. The formal validity of such a contract is governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence.
五、上列各款规定不适用于在第五条第二款所述情况下订立，应适用第五条规定的合同。此种合同的形式的有效性依消费者惯常居所地国的法律。
6. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article, a contract the subject matter of which is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property shall be subject to the mandatory requirements of form of the law of the country where the property is situated if by that law those requirements are imposed irrespective of the country where the contract is concluded and irrespective of the law governing the contract.
六、虽然有本条第一款至第四款的规定，合同标的如为不动产产权或不动产使用权，应服从不动产所在地国法的强制性形式要求，如依该法不管合同在何国订立，也不管支配合同的法律是什么，均须符合此项形式要求。
Article 10 Scope of the applicable law 第十条 可以适用的法律的适用范围
1. The law applicable to a contract by virtue of Articles 3 to 6 and 12 of this Convention shall govern in particular:
(a) interpretation;
(b) performance;
(c) within the limits of the powers conferred on the court by its procedural law, the consquences of breach, including the assessment of damages in so far as it is governed by rules of law;
(d) the various ways of extinguishing obligations, and prescription and limitation of actions;
(e) the consequences of nullity of the contract.
一、依本公约第三条至第六条及第十二条适用于合同的法律，特别是下列各项应据以处理：
（一）关于解释；
（二）关于履行地；
（三）在诉讼程序法授予法院的权力范围内，关于违背合同的后果，包括依法律的规定确定损害赔偿金额；
（四）关于债务消灭的各种方法，以及诉讼时效；
（五）关于合同无效的后果。
2. In relation to the manner of performance and the steps to be taken in the event of defective performance regard shall be had to the law of the country in which performance takes place.
二、关于履行的方式及在履行具有瑕疵的情况下须采取的步骤，应考虑履行地国法律。
Article 11 Incapacity 第十一条 无行为能力
In a contract concluded between persons who are in the same country, a natural person who would have capacity under the law of that country may invoke his incapacity resulting from another law only if the other party to the contract was aware of this incapacity at the time of the conclusion of the contract or was not aware thereof as a result of negligence.
在同一国家的双方当事人之间订立的合同中，依该国法律应属具有行为能力的自然人不得依另一国家的法律主张其无行为能力，但合同的另一方，在订立合同时，明知或系由于过失而不知其无行为能力时，不在此限。
Article 12 Voluntary assignment 第十二条 自愿转让
1. The mutual obligations of assignor and assignee under a voluntary assignment of a right against another person ("the debtor") shall be governed by the law which under this Convention applies to the contract between the assignor and assignee.
一、在对另一人（债务人）权利的自愿转让中，转让人和受让人相互间的义务依本公约应适用于转让人及受让人间的合同的法律。
2. The law governing the right to which the assignment relates shall determine its assignability, the relationship between the assignee and the debtor, the conditions under which the assignment can be invoked against the debtor and any question whether the debtor's obligations have been discharged.
二、支配被转让的权利的法律决定转让的可能性、受让人和债务人间的关系、得向债务人主张受让权利的条件以及涉及债务人的义务是否已经消除的任何问题。
Article 13 Subrogation 第十三条 代位求偿权
1. Where a person ("the creditor") has a contractual claim upon another ("the debtor"), and a third person has a duty to satisfy the creditor, or has in fact satisfied the creditor in discharge of that duty, the law which governs the third person's duty to satisfy the creditor shall determine whether the third person is entitled to exercise against the debtor the rights which the creditor had against the debtor under the law governing their relationship and, if so, whether he may do so in full or only to a limited extent.
一、如一人（债权人）对另一人（债务人）依合同具有求偿权，而第三人有向债权人清偿债务的义务，或事实上已向债权人偿清此项债务，则应依支配第三人向债权人清偿的义务的法律决定第三人是否有权对债务人行使原来债权人按其同债务人关系的法律享有的权利，以及如第三人有此权利，则其是否得行使全部权利或仅行使一定范围内的权利。
2. The same rule applies where several persons are subject to the same contractual claim and one of them has satisfied the creditor.
二、数人对同一合同的求偿权均负有清偿义务，而其中一人已向债权人清偿时，亦适用上款规定。
Article 14 Burden of proof, etc. 第十四条 举证责任等事项
1. The law governing the contract under this Convention applies to the extent that it contains, in the law of contract, rules which raise presumptions of law or determine the burden of proof.
一、依本公约适用于合同的法律，如其关于合同的规定中，有涉及法律的推定以及举证责任的条款，各该条款亦并予适用。
2. A contract or an act intended to have legal effect may be proved by any mode of proof recognized by the law of the forum or by any of the laws referred to in Article 9 under which that contract or act is formally valid, provided that such mode of proof can be administered by the forum.
二、旨在产生法律效力的合同或行为，得以法院地法所承认的证明方法证明之，或以依第九条所指的据以认定该合同或行为的方式为有效的法律所承认的证明方法证明之。但以此种证明方法能为法院实施者为限。
Article 15 Exclusion of renvoi 第十五条 反致的排除
The application of the law of any country specified by this Convention means the application of the rules of law in force in that country other than its rules of private international law.
凡适用依本公约确定的任何国家的法律，意即适用该国现行的法律规则而非适用其国际私法规则。
Article 16 "Ordre public" 第十六条 “公共秩序”
The application of a rule of the law of any country specified by this Convention may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy ("ordre public") of the forum.
凡依本公约规定所适用的任何国家的法律，只有其适用明显地违背法院地国的公共秩序时，方可予以拒绝适用。
Article 17 No retrospective effect 第十七条 无追溯效力
This Convention shall apply in a Contracting State to contracts made after the date on which this Convention has entered into force with respect to that State.
本公约应适用于在缔约国中于本公约对该国生效后订立的合同。
Article 18 Uniform interpretation 第十八条 统一解释
In the interpretation and application of the preceding uniform rules, regard shall be had to their international character and to the desirability of achieving uniformity in their interpretation and application.
在解释和适用上述的统一规则时，应考虑到统一规定的国际性质以及在其解释上和适用上以尽可能取得统一为宜。
Article 19 States with more than one legal system 第十九条 有超过一个的法律制度的国家
1. Where a State comprises several territorial units each of which has its own rules of law in respect of contractual obligations, each territorial unit shall be considered as a country for the purposes of identifying the law applicable under this Convention.
一、如一国包括几个领土单位，每个领土单位在合同债务方面各有其自己的法律规则，则依本公约确定应适用的法律时，每个领土单位应认为是一个国家。
2. A State within which different territorial units have their own rules of law in respect of contractual obligations shall not be bound to apply this Convention to conflicts solely between the laws of such units.
二、一国内的不同领土单位在合同义务方面各有其自己的法律规则时，对于纯属此种领土单位之间的法律冲突，不受适用本公约的约束。
Article 20 Precedence of Community law 第二十条 共同体法的优先适用
This Convention shall not affect the application of provisions which, in relation to particular matters, lay down choice of law rules relating to contractual obligations and which are or will be contained in acts of the institutions of the European Communities or in national laws harmonized in implementation of such acts.
本公约不影响现在或将来包含在欧洲共同体各机构法规中的，或为协调实施此种法规的国内法中的有关特定事项而制定的关于合同义务的法律选择规则条款的适用。
Article 21 Relationship with other conventions 第二十一条 同其他公约的关系
This Convention shall not prejudice the application of international conventions to which a Contracting State is, or becomes, a party.
本公约不妨碍现在或将来以缔约国为一方的国际公约的适用。
Article 22 Reservations 第二十二条 保留
1. Any Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, reserve the right not to apply:
(a) the provisions of Article 7 (1);
(b) the provisions of Article 10 (1) (e).
一、任何缔约国在签署、批准、接受或认可时得保留不适用下列条款的权利：
（一）第七条第一款的规定；
（二）第十条第一款第五项的规定。
2. Any Contracting State may also, when notifying an extension of the Convention in accordance with Article 27 (2), make one or more of these reservations, with its effect limited to all or some of the territories mentioned in the extension.
二、任何缔约国依第二十七条第二款通知扩大本公约的适用区域时，得提出上述一项或几项保留，并将其效力限于所述扩大适用区域的全部或一部。
3. Any Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation which it has made ; the reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after notification of the withdrawal.
三、任何缔约国得在任何时候撤销其所作的保留。通知撤销后的第三个月的第一天起保留失效。
TITLE III FINAL PROVISIONS 第三篇 最后条款
Article 23第二十三条
1. If, after the date on which this Convention has entered into force for a Contracting State, that State wishes to adopt any new choice of law rule in regard to any particular category of contract within the scope of this Convention, it shall communicate its intention to the other signatory States through the Secretary-Geneal of the Council of the European Communities.
一、在本公约对一缔约国生效之日后，如该缔约国意欲采取任何新的、在本公约范围内的、有关任何特定类别合同的法律选择规则，应经由欧洲共同体理事会秘书长将其意图通知其他签字国。
2. Any signatory State may, within six months from the date of the communication made to the Secretary-General, request him to arrange consultations between signatory States in order to reach agreement.
二、任何签字国，在该缔约国通知秘书长之日起六个月内，得要求秘书长安排签字国之间的协商以达成协议。
3. If no signatory State has requested consultations within this period or if within two years following the communication made to the Secretary-General no agreement is reached in the course of consultations, the Contracting State concerned may amend its law in the manner indicated. The measures taken by that State shall be brought to the knowledge of the other signatory States through the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
三、如无签字国在此期限内提出协商要求，或如在该缔约国通知秘书长后两年内在协商过程中未达成协议，有关缔约国得如上所述修改其法律。该国所采取措施应经由欧洲共同体理事会秘书长传达给其他签字国，俾各知悉。
Article 24第二十四条
1. If, after the date on which this Convention has entered into force with respect to a Contracting State, that State wishes to become a party to a multilateral convention whose principal aim or one of whose principal aims is to lay down rules of private international law concerning any of the matters governed by this Convention, the procedure set out in Article 23 shall apply. However, the period of two years, referred to in paragraph 3 of that Article, shall be reduced to one year.
一、在本公约对一缔约国生效之日后，如该国希望成为其主要目的或其主要目的之一是就任何有关受本公约支配之事项制订国际私法规则的多边公约成员，应适用第二十三条规定的程序。但该条第三款规定的两年期限应减为一年。
2. The procedure referred to in the preceding paragraph need not be followed if a Contracting State or one of the European Communities is already a party to the multilateral convention, or if its object is to revise a convention to which the State concerned is already a party, or if it is a convention concluded within the framework of the Treaties establishing the European Communities.
二、如一缔约国或欧洲共同体成员国之一已属该多边公约的成员或如其目的为修改该有关国家已属其成员的公约，或此公约仍属建立欧洲共同体的各种条约的结构内的，则毋庸遵循前款规定的程序。
Article 25 第二十五条
If a Contracting State considers that the unification achieved by this Convention is prejudiced by the conclusion of agreements not covered by Article 24 (1), that State may request the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities to arrange consultations between the signatory States of this Convention.
如缔约国认为本公约所取得的统一为不属第二十四条第一款的协定的缔结所损害，该国得要求共同体理事会秘书长安排本公约签字国间的协商。
Article 26第二十六条
Any Contracting State may request the revision of this Convention. In this event a revision conference shall be convened by the President of the Council of the European Communities.
任何缔约国得要求修改本公约，为此，共同体理事会主席应召开公约修订会议。
Article 27 第二十七条
1. This Convention shall apply to the European territories of the Contracting States, including Greenland, and to the entire territory of the French Republic.
2. Nothwithstanding paragraph 1:
(a) this Convention shall not apply to the Faroe Islands, unless the Kingdom of Denmark makes a declaration to the contrary;
(b) this Convention shall not apply to any European territory situated outside the United Kingdom for the international relations of which the United Kingdom is responsible, unless the United Kingdom makes a declaration to the contrary in respect of any such territory;
(c) this Convention shall apply to the Netherlands Antilles, if the Kingdom of the Netherlands makes a declaration to that effect.
3. Such declarations may be made at any time by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
4. Proceedings brought in the United Kingdom on appeal from courts in one of the territories referred to in paragraph 2 (b) shall be deemed to be proceedings taking place in those courts.
一、本公约适用于各缔约国的欧洲领土，包括格陵兰和法兰西共和国的全部领土。
二、尽管有第一款的规定，
（一）本公约不适用于法罗群岛，除非丹麦王国作出相反的声明；
（二）本公约不适用于位于联合王国以外的由联合王国负责其国际关系的欧洲领土，除非联合王国就任何此类领土作出相反的声明；
（三）本公约适用于荷兰的安的列斯群岛，如果荷兰王国就此作出声明。
三、上述声明可于任何时候通过通知欧洲共同体理事会秘书长作出。
四、对第二款第二项所指领土之一的法院判决在联合王国上诉时，应视同是在这些法院中进行的诉讼。
Article 28 第二十八条
1. This Convention shall be open from 19 June 1980 for signature by the States party to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
一、本公约自1980年6月19日起向建立欧洲经济共同体条约成员国开放签字。
二、本公约须经签字国批准、接受或认可，批准书、接受书或认可书应存放于共同体理事会秘书长处。
Article 29第二十九条
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the seventh instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
2. This Convention shall enter into force for each signatory State ratifying, accepting or approving at a later date on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
一、本公约在存放第七份批准书、接受书或认可书后自第三个月的第一天起生效。
二、本公约对后来批准、接受或认可的各签字国，在各该国存放其批准书、接受书或认可书后自第三个月的第一天起生效。
Article 30 第三十条
1. This Convention shall remain in force for 10 years from the date of its entry into force in accordance with Article 29 (1), even for States for which it enters into force at a later date.
2. If there has been no denunciation it shall be renewed tacitly every five years.
3. A Contracting State which wishes to denounce shall, not less than six months before the expiration of the period of 10 or five years, as the case may be, give notice to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. Denunciation may be limited to any territory to which the Convention has been extended by a declaration under Article 27 (2).
4. The denunciation shall have effect only in relation to the State which has notified it. The Convention will remain in force as between all other Contracting States.
一、本公约自依第二十九条第一款生效之日起，持续有效十年，于本公约后来对之生效的国家亦同。
二、如果未经废止，本公约每五年自动更新有效一次。
三、愿意废止本公约的缔约国，应至少在十年或五年（视情况而定）期满前六个月向欧洲共同体理事会秘书长发出通知。废止可仅限于依第二十七条第二款声明对之曾扩大适用本公约的任何区域。
四、废止仅对发出此通知的国家有效。至少其他所有缔约国之间本公约应继续有效。
Article 31 第三十一条
The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the States party to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community of:
(a) the signatures;
(b) deposit of each instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval;
(c) the date of entry into force of this Convention;
(d) communications made in pursuance of Articles 23, 24, 25, 26 and 30 (8);
(e) the reservations and withdrawals of reservations referred to in Article 22.
欧洲共同体理事会秘书长应通知建立欧洲经济共同体条约成员国下列事项：
（一）签署；
（二）第一批准书、接受书或认可书的存放；
（三）本公约的开始生效日期；
（四）依第二十三条、第二十四条、第二十五条、第二十六条、第二十七条和第三十条所作出的通知；
（五）第二十二条所指的保留及撤销保留。
Article 32The Protocol annexed to this Convention shall form an integral part thereof.
第三十二条 附入本公约的议定书应成为本公约的一个组成部分。
Article 33This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish and Italian languages, these texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy thereof to the Government of each signatory State.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, having signed this Convention.
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
第三十三条 本公约用丹麦文、荷兰文、英吉利文、法兰西文、德意志文、爱尔兰文及意大利文写成，各种文本同等有效，合成原本一册，应交存于欧洲共同体理事会秘书处档案库。秘书长应将核证无误的公约副本送交各签字国政府一份。
下列签署人经正式授权签署本公约，以资证明。
（各国签署人姓名略——编者）
1980年6月19日订于罗马。
PROTOCOL附一 议定书
The High Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following provision which shall be annexed to the Convention:
'Notwithstanding the provisions of the Convention, Denmark, Sweden and Finland may retain national provisions concerning the law applicable to questions relating to the carriage of goods by sea and may amend such provisions without following the procedure provided for in Article 23 of the Convention of Rome. The national provisions applicable in this respect are the following:
- in Denmark, paragraphs 252 and 321 (3) and (4) of the "Solov" (maritime law),
- in Sweden, Chapter 13, Article 2 (1) and (2), and Chapter 14, Article 1 (3), of "sjölagen" (maritime law),
- in Finland, Chapter 13, Article 2 (1) and (2), and Chapter 14, Article 1 (3), of "merilaki"/"sjölagen" (maritime law).`
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
[Signatures of the Plenipotentiaries]
缔约各方同意下列条款并将此附入本公约：
尽管有本公约的规定，丹麦得保留Soloven（ 商法规）第一百六十九款所包含的，适用于有关海上货运事项的法律，并得修订该项规定而无需遵循本公约第二十三条规定的程序。
兹下列签署人经正式授权在本议定书签署，以资证明。
（各国签署人姓名略——编者）
1980年6月19日订于罗马。
JOINT DECLARATION 附二 联合声明
At the time of the signature of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, the Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
I. anxious to avoid, as far as possible, dispersion of choice of law rules among several instruments and differences between these rules, express the wish that the institutions of the European Communities, in the exercise of their powers under the Treaties by which they were established, will, where the need arises, endeavour to adopt choice of law rules which are as far as possible consistent with those of this Convention;
II. declare their intention as from the date of signature of this Convention until becoming bound by Article 24, to consult with each other if any one of the signatory States wishes to become a party to any convention to which the procedure referred to in Article 24 would apply;
III. having regard to the contribution of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations to the unification of choice of law rules within the European Communities, express the view that any State which becomes a member of the European Communities should accede to this Convention.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Joint Declaration.
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
[Signatures of the Plenipotentiaries]
于签署合同义务适用的法律的公约时，比利时王国政府、丹麦王国政府、德意志联邦共和国政府、法兰西共和国政府、爱尔兰共和国政府、意大利共和国政府、卢森堡大公国政府、荷兰王国政府，以及大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国政府。
一、切望尽量避免法律选择规则分载在几个文件中以及这些规则的分歧；
表示希望欧洲共同体各机构，在行使建立各该机构的条约所赋予的职权中，在需要时，竭力采用与本公约的规定尽可能一致的法律选择规则；
二、宣布它们愿意，从本公约的签字之日起直到受第二十四条的约束为止，如有任何一个签署国希望成为将适用第二十四条规定程序的任何公约的缔约国，与之进行相互协商；
三、考虑到合同义务的法律适用公约对于欧洲共同体内部统一法律选择规则作出的贡献，认为任何一个成为欧洲共同体成员的国家均应参加本公约。
兹下列人员，经正式授权，特签署本联合声明，以资证明。
（各国签署人姓名略——编者）
1980年6月19日在罗马写成。
JOINT DECLARATION 附三 联合声明
The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
On signing the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations;
Desiring to ensure that the Convention is applied as effectively as possible;
Anxious to prevent differences of interpretation of the Convention from impairing its unifying effect;
Declare themselves ready:
1. to examine the possibility of conferring jurisdiction in certain matters on the Court of Justice of the European Communities and, if necessary, to negotiate an agreement to this effect;
2. to arrange meetings at regular intervals between their representatives.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Joint Declaration.
比利时王国政府、丹麦王国政府、德意志联邦共和国政府、法兰西共和国政府、爱尔兰共和国政府、意大利共和国政府、卢森堡大公国政府、荷兰王国政府以及大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国政府，
于签署合同义务法律的适用公约时；
希望确保本公约尽可能有效地被适用；
渴望防止对本公约的不同解释有损其统一的效力；宣布它们自己准备：
（一）审议将某些事项的管辖权授予欧洲共同体法院的可能性，必要时并为此商订一个协定；
（二）安排在它们的代表之间举行定期会议。
兹下列签署人经正式授权特在本联合声明签署，以资证明。
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
[Signatures of the Plenipotentiaries]
（各国签署人姓名略——编者）
1980年6月19日在罗马写成。
