英文合同结构与主要条款 标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（ Preamble ）、正文（ Text ）、证明部分（ Attestation ）、附录（ Schedule ）四大部分组成。 1.前言（ Preamble ）部分 前言部分主要有如下内容： (1)指明签约双（各）方 例：中国某电厂（根据中华

英文合同结构与主要条款
 
 
标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（Preamble）、正文（Text）、证明部分（Attestation）、附录（Schedule）四大部分组成。 

1. 前言（Preamble）部分 
前言部分主要有如下内容： 
(1) 指明签约双（各）方 

例：中国某电厂（根据中华人民共和国法律成立注册的公司，以下简称甲方）为一方,与美国西雅图发电设备厂（根据美国法律成立注册的公司，以下简称乙方）为另一方，双方通过友好协商同意就下列条款签订本合同。
　This Contract is made and entered into through friendly negotiation by and between China _____Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Buyer"), as one party and__________, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of __________ (hereinafter referred to as "the Seller"), as the other party, under the following terms and conditions:

(2)鉴于（Whereas）、叙述（Recital）或背景（Background）部分 
该部分主要是介绍合同的相关情况，具体有如下内容： 
a) 合同双（各）方的背景情况介绍，如各方所从事的行业： 
例1： AMD engages through its Communication Products Division ("CPD") in the design, development, manufacture and sale of telecommunication products for public communications infrastructure systems, customer premise equipment and cordless telephony applications.
AMD公司是通过其通讯产品部门进行公共通讯产品的设计、研发、制造的企业，并销售公共通讯系统、客户预订设备和无线通讯产品。

b) 合同目的
例  鉴于，甲方和乙方同意按照本合营合同的条件和条款设立合资企业，共同开发×项目。
WHEREAS PARTY A and PARTY B have agreed to establish a joint venture according to terms and conditions of this joint venture contract to jointly develop the ［PROJECT］. 

c) 合同的背景情况 
例： 鉴于丙方拟受让甲方在×公司的全部股权，现合同各方经友好协商，本着平等互利的原则，应上述股权转让事宜达成如下条款：
Whereas Party C intends to buy the whole shares of × held by Party A, adhering to the principals of equality and mutual benefit, the parties have reached the following agreement (the "Agreement")after friendly consultations regarding the share transfer matters:

(3) 明确指明合同双（各）方愿意签订本合同 
例  因此，考虑到本协议所述的前提和约定，甲、乙双方特订立此协议。 
Whereas Party A agrees to sell to Party B the products, _______, in compensation of the price of Party B's machines and equipment; Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree a follows: 

2.正文（Text）部分主要包含以下条款 

(1) 定义（Definition）条款 
该条款是对合同中的某些词语的进行定义，确保各词语在合同中的含义统一，以免发生歧义。这些词语可分成两大类。第一类是英文合同中的常用词语，如附属机构（Affiliate）、财务报表（Financial Statements）等；第二类是本合同中使用的具有特定含义的词语。
例："Property" means property, assets, interests and rights of every description, wherever situated.
“财产”包括财产、资产、利益、权利等。财产之所在地在所不问。

(2)陈述与保证（Representations and Warranties）条款 
该条款是合同双（各）方对某些基本事实的陈述并保证其陈述的真实性，其构成合同签订与生效的前提。主要内容有： 
a) 合法注册、经营状况现状、相关资质（Organization, Standing and Qualification） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明其注册地、注册所依据的法律，声明合法拥有其财产、经营状况良好、有权签订并履行本合同。 
b) 注册资本（Capitalization） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明其各自的注册资本金额、股权数量等情况。 
c) 适当授权（Due Authorization） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其有权签订并履行本合同，本合同的签订对其具有约束力。 
d) 重大债务（Liabilities） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明除了其已经披露的之外，没有其他重大债务。 
e) 财产状况（Status of Proprietary Assets） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明其在本合同签订时的主要财产状况。 
f) 财产权属状况（Title to Properties and Assets） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其财产所有权是完整的无瑕疵的。 
g) 重大合同及其义务（Material Contracts and Obligations） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明，在本合同签订时其尚未完全履行的重大合同及其项下的义务。 
h) 诉讼与仲裁（Litigation and Arbitration） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明在本合同签订时尚未审结的诉讼与仲裁案件。 
i) 遵守法律与政府审批（Compliance with Laws; Governmental Consents） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其完全遵守各项适用法律并已得到政府的有关审批。 
j) 履行其他约定义务（Compliance with Other Instruments and Agreements） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其完全履行其他各项约定义务。 
k) 披露义务（Disclosure） 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其已披露了所有与本合同相关或本合同要求披露的信息。 
例：The Seller hereby represents and warrants as to itself that: 卖方谨此保证下列事项属实：
(i)              it is a duly organized legal entity, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the People's Republic of China;
  本公司为依中华人民共和国法律合法组织存在、享有良好商誉之法律主体；
(ii)          its Board of Directors has taken all necessary action to duly authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement which actions are reflected in the minutes book of the corporation; and
本公司董事会已依法授权本公司进行与本合约相关的订立与履行事宜，并记载于董事会记录中；
(iii) its entry into and performance of its obligations under this Agreement do not violate any legal requirements in the People’s Republic of China as of the date hereof or any material agreements to which it is a party.
 (iii) 本公司订立本合约及履行因本合约所致生之义务，不违反订约时之任何中国法令，或违反其它任何本公司为当事人的合约。

(3) 先决条件（Conditions precedent）条款 
该条款是有关合同双（各）方履行各自义务的前提条件的约定。
 例：本合同及其附件，均须经中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部（或其委托的审批机构）批准，自批准之日起生效。
This contract and the supplementary documents hereof are subject to the approval of the Foreign Trade Ministry of the People’s Republic of China（or any delegated agency thereof）and will take effect from the date of the approval．


(4)责任限制（Limited Liability or Limitation of Liability）条款 
该条款是合同双（各）方对其在本合同项下的责任上限进行的约定。
例： 对人身的伤害赔偿，根据意大利和欧盟所参与的国际公约，不超过可预见的范围，参照服务的履行而定责任。无论任何情况下，对人身的伤害赔偿不超过5万欧元；对财物的损失不超过2千欧元；其他赔偿不超过5千欧元。
Compensation for damages to the person cannot exceed the foreseen limits by the international conventions for which Italy and the European Union are part of with reference to the services whose performance has determined the responsability. In any case the compensation limit cannot exceed the amount of 50,000 Euro for damages to people, 2,000 Euro for damages to objects, 5000 Euro for any other damage.

(5) 保密（Non-disclosure or No Publicity）条款 
根据该条款，合同双（各）方对本合同内容以及在本合同协商、签订、履行过程中所得知的其他各方的信息要承担保密义务。 
　例： 乙方根据本协议所提供的一切图纸、设计、说明书及其他技术资料，甲方均须严格保密;未得到乙方的书面同意，不得以任何方式出售、转让 或泄露给任何人，但不包括甲方为生产合同而使用技术资料的雇员。但是，甲方可以向分包合同人提供生产合同产品部件所必须的技术资料，分包人须书面保证对其所得到产技术资料承担严格的保密义务。
 All drawings， designs， specifications and all other technical information made available under this Contract by Party B shall be kept strictly confidential by Party A who.shall not sell， transfer or divulge it in any manner to anyone except: G. those of its own employ-ees who will be using it in the manufacture of the Products，without prior written consent ofParty B. Party A may. however，supply such technical information to its subcontractor to the extent necessary for such subcontractor to manufacture parts of Contract Products，pro-vidingthat Party A shall have such
subcontractor agree， in writing， to hold suchnical information strictly in confidence..

(6)合同终止（Termination）条款 
该条款是合同双（各）方对本合同在何种情况下可以提前终止进行约定。 
例：  由于一方不履行合同、章程规定的义务，或严重违反合同、章程规定，造成合作公司无法经营或无法达到合同规定的经营目的，视作违约方片面终止合同，对方除有权向违约的一方索赔外，并有权按合同规定报原审批机关批准终止合同。如甲、乙方同意继续经营，违约方仍应赔偿履约一方的经济损失。 
Should the cooperative venture company be unable to continue its operation or achieve its business purpose due to the fact that one of the contracting parties fails to fulfil the obligations prescribed by the contract and articles of association, or seriously violates the provisions of the contract and articles of association, that party shall be deemed to have unilaterally terminated the contract. The other party shall have the right to terminate the contract in accordance with the provisions of the contract after approval by the original examination and approval authority, and to claim damages. In case Party A and Party B of the cooperative venture company agree to continue the operation, the party who fails to fulfil its obligations shall be liable for the economic losses caused thereby to the joint venture company. 

(7)标题（headings）条款 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方约定合同中的各个小标题（一般以黑体字显示）是为了在合同中提及的方便，不构成对合同内容的解释、修改、补充。 
例：  第一条 股权转让价款　  Article 1 Price of The Shares

(8)合同有效期（Term）条款
该条款是有关合同生效日期、方式以及有效期的条款。 本协议若无以下提前终止的情况，例：  有效期从   年    月   日至      年   月  日。双方一致同意可于本协议正式生效前    天左右开始试运行，试运行期间的一切事宜如操作形式，操作标准，费用，双方的权利义务等均按本协议项下除本条外的各条款执行。
Without the following situation of early termination, the validity period of agreement is from_________ to _________. The two parties unanimously agree to start trial operation _______ days before formal enforcement of the agreement, during the trial operation, all matters such as operation forms, operating standards, costs and expenses, rights and obligations of the two parties, etc., shall be carried out according to the conditions under this agreement apart from this section.

(9)权利放弃（Waiver）条款 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方声明任何一方如果没有行使其权利，并不意味着其放弃该权利。 
例： 如果一方未行使或延迟行使其在本合同项下的某项权利，不构成该方对此项权利的放弃，如果该方已经行使或者部分行使某项权利，并不妨碍其在将来再次行使此项权利。
Either Party's failure to exercise or delay in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Contract shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege shall not preclude the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.

(10) 合同变更（Amendment or Modification）条款 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方可以约定合同不得修改或者合同修改的方式。 
例：  接受变更了的旅游服务，不支付另外费用，或者如果变更了的服务质量不如原定的服务，则退还多的费用。
To take advantage of an alternative tourism package, without supplemental charges or with the restitution of the surplus of the price, should the second package have an inferior value than the first;

(11)转让（Assignment or Successors and Assignment）条款 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方可约定合同不可转让或者合同转让的程序，同时，还可以约定，如果合同转让，受让方有完全约束力。 
例：  明示放弃合同的当事方可以由其他人受让。只要受让人符合以下条件：
The renouncing client can be substituted by another person provided that:
 
例2   The Distributor may not assign in whole or in part any of its rights hereunder or any rights arising from any individual order for the purchase of the Products without the prior written consent of Supplier. The Supplier shall be entitled to assign in whole or in part any of its obligations hereunder or arising from any individual order for the purchase of the Products to any of its Affiliates or suppliers solely upon written notice to Distributor, provided that Supplier shall remain fully liable for the performance of such obligations.
未经供应商事先书面同意，经销商不得部分或全部转让本合同项下的权利，也不得转让由单个订单产生的任何权利。供应商以书面通知经销商，可将本合同项下的全部或部分义务或由单个订单产生的任何义务转让给其任何关联机构或供货商，但是供应商应该继续对其合同项下义务的履行负责。
 

(12)通知（Notice）条款 
该条款是对合同双（各）方在履行合同过程中相互送达信息的方式以及视为送达的条件进行约定。一般来讲，要写明合同双（双）方的通信地址、传真号、联系电话、联络人以及送达成功的具体条件。

.例  货物装运日前10－15天，买方应以电报或电传通知卖方合同号、船只预计到港日期、装运数量及船运代理人的名称。以便卖方经与该船运代理人联系及安排货物的装运。卖方应将联系结果通过电报或电传及时报告买方。如买方因故需要变更船只或者船只比预先通知卖方的日期提前或推迟到达装运港口，买方或其船运代理人应及时通知卖方。卖方亦应与买方的运输代理或买方保持密切联系。
10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods. The Seller shall advise by cable or telex in time the Buyer of the result thereof. Should, for certain reasons, it become necessary for the Buyer to replace the named vessel with another one, or should the named vessel arrive at the port of shipment earlier or later than the date of arrival as previously notified to the Seller, the Buyer or its shipping agent shall advise the Seller to this effect in due time. The Seller shall also keep in close contact with the agent or the Buyer.
例2 ) During the Term, each Party may change its particulars for receipt of notices at any time by notice given to the other Party in accordance with this Article 19.7.
在合同期限内，一方可随时根据第19.7(a)条规定通知另一方变更通知送达地址。
　　Distributor: 经销商：
　　[mailing address] [经销商]
　　People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
　　Facsimile No: 传真号码：
　　Attention: 收件人：
　　Supplier: 供应商：
　　[mailing address] [邮址]
　　Facsimile No: 传真号码：
　　Attention: 收件人：

(13)适用法律（Governing Law or Applicable Law）条款Submission to Jurisdiction 
该条款是有关合同解释、争议解决所适用法律的约定。 
例  Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the substantive internal laws of the State of Delaware.
管辖法律。本协议应根据特拉华州的法律解释和管辖。
例  本合同之签订地、或发生争议时货物所在地在中华人民共和国境内或被诉人为中国法人的，适用中华人民共和国法律，除此规定外，适用《联合国国际货物销售公约》。 
    It will be governed by the law of the People’s Republic of China under the circumstances that the contract is singed or the goods while the disputes arising are in the People’s Republic of China or the deffendant is Chinese legal person , otherwise it is governed by United Nations Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods .
   
(14) 争议解决（Dispute Resolution）条款 
该条款是与合同有关的争议解决方式的约定，可以选择诉讼，也可以选择仲裁。 
例  In the event such dispute is not resolved through consultations within [sixty (60)] days after the date such consultations were first requested in writing by a Party, then any Party may submit the dispute for arbitration in [Beijing] before the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission ("CIETAC") in accordance with CIETAC Arbitration Rules then in force, and as amended by this Article 18.2 ("Arbitration Rules").
如果某一争议未在一方首次书面提出进行磋商之日后六十(60)日内通过友好协商解决，则任何一方可将该争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(“贸仲会”)在[北京]按照当时有效的贸仲会仲裁程序规则（并由本第18.2 条规定作为修订）(“仲裁规则”)进行仲裁。
 
 例  因履行本协议所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决。如协商不能解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。             
All disputes arising from the performance of this agreement shall be settled through friendly negotiation. Should no settlement be reached throught negotiation, the case shallthen be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic&nbpd Trade Arbitration Commission (Beijing)&nbpd the rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final&nbpd binding upon both parties.

(15) 条款效力独立（Severability or Survival of terms）条款 
根据该条款的约定，合同的任一条款如果无效，也不影响其他任何条款的效力。 
例　　The invalidity of any provision of this Contract shall not affect the validity of any other provision of this Contract.
本合同某一条款的无效不影响本合同其他条款的效力。

(16) 没有其他业务关系条款 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方声明彼此之间除了合同关系之外没有其他任何法律关系。 
　例   Independent Contractor Relationship 19.1 合同双方之间的独立关系
The Parties are only establishing a vendor-purchaser relationship with each other by entering into this Contract. Nothing in this Contract shall be construed or implied as:
 合同双方签订本合同仅仅在他们之间产生独立合同关系。本合同任何条款均不得被解释为：

　　(a) establishing between the Parties hereto any partnership or any other form of relationship entailing joint liability;
(a)  在合同双方之间形成合伙关系或其他导致共同责任的关系；

(17) 不可抗力（Force Majeure）条款 
该条款是有关不可抗力构成要件及其具体情形，以及在发生不可抗力事件的情况下如果处理的约定。 
例 　"Force Majeure" shall mean all events which are beyond the control of the Parties to this Contract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidable or insurmountable, and which prevent total or partial performance by either of the Parties. Such events shall include earthquakes, typhoons, flood, fire, war, strikes, riots, acts of governments, changes in law or the application thereof or any other instances which cannot be foreseen, prevented or controlled, including instances which are accepted as Force Majeure in general international commercial practice.
“不可抗力”指超出本合同双方控制范围、无法预见、无法避免或无法克服、使得本合同一方部分或者完全不能履行本合同的事件。这类事件包括但不限于地震、台风、洪水、火灾、战争、罢工、暴动、政府行为、法律规定或其适用的变化，或者其他任何无法预见、避免或者控制的事件，包括在国际商务实践中通常被认定为不可抗力的事件。

(18) 所有协议（Entire Agreement）条款Integration
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明本合同构成双（各）方就合同主题事宜达成的最终的、唯一的协议，除非明确指明，在此之前的所有约定，无论是口头的，还是书面的，均无效力。 
例 双方在此达成完整的共识并取代双方在此之前就本协议事项所作的声明和承诺。本协议的修改只能通过双方正式授权代表签署后，成为本协议的组成部分。
The parties hereto made and conclude this entire agreement, which shall supersede any other statements and commitments relating the matters specified herein made by parties hereto previously. Modifications can be made to this agreement only being signed by the duly authorized representatives of the parties hereto, and shall constitute a part of this agreement.
(19)传真签订生效（Execution by Fax）条款 
合同双（各）方可以在该条款中约定，双（各）方可通过传真方式传递文件并使其生效。 
例  if by fax, upon the next Business Day following the date marked on the confirmation of transmission report by the sender's fax machine, indicating completed uninterrupted transmission to the relevant facsimile number.
(iii) 如果是以传真的方式送达，为发送传真方的传真机发送的报告确认书（表明已向相关传真号码发送完整的、未中断的传真）上标记的日期后的下一个营业日。

(20) “语言（Language）”条款 
该条款是有关合同适用语言的约定。 
例  本条款的中英文版本具有同等效力。
Applicable language: This contract is written in Chinese and English. The Chinese version and English version have equivalent legal effect.
例  This agreement is written in one form of two versions in English and Chinese, if both versions of English and Chinese are found inconsistent, the Chinese version should be the basis to follow.
本合同为中英文版本书写,  如合同条款有中英文本不一致之处则以中文为准.

(21)合同文本（Counterparts）条款 
该条款是对合同的份数以及各份合同的效力进行约定。(22) “歧义（Ambiguities）”条款 
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要约定主合同与其附件之间、主合同与其补充协议之间、主合同各语言文本之间如果发生意思歧义如何处理。 
例  Three copies of the lease will be drawn, and remain in the possession of THE LESSOR , THE LESSEE and THE WITNESS.
本合同一式三份，甲、乙双方各持一份，见证方一份，具有同等法律效力。

(23) 币种（Currency）条款 
该条款是对合同项下的货币种类进行约定。 
例  Referenced funds in this agreement to be wired, is in United States Currency only.
本协议的参考价格将是美元转帐

3. 证明部分（ATTESTATION） 
例： BEFORE ME, a Notary Public in and for said County, personally appeared Timothy J. Gunter and Daniel L. Webb, known to me to be the person(s) who, as Secretary and Assistant Secretary, respectively, of INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS INTERNATIONAL, INC., the corporation which executed the foregoing instrument in its capacity as Landlord, signed the same, and acknowledged to me that they did so sign said instrument in the name and upon behalf of said corporation as officers of said corporation, that the same is their free act and deed as such officers, respectively, and they were duly authorized thereunto by its board of directors; and that the seal affixed to said instrument is the corporate seal of said corporation.

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name, and affixed my official seal, this 15th day of March, 1999.
我是本县公证员，兹证明Timothy J. Gunter 与 Daniel L. Webb两人分别为国际产业发展有限公司的秘书和秘书助理。该公司制作并签署了以土地产权为内容的上述文件。签署人是上述公司的官员，以上述公司的名义并代表上述公司进行的签署。他们经公司合法授权，分别履行的他们的公司官员职务行为，并盖以公司法人印章。
特此证明，证明人签字于1999年3月15日。

4. 附录部分（Schedule）
例  本合同的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分，与合同正文具有同等法律效力。如合同正文与附件有矛盾之处，合同正文内容优先。 
Appendices hereof shall be integral parts of Contract and have the same legal force as the text of Contract itself. The text of Contract shall prevail in case of any discrepancies between the text of Contract and Appendices.